Question 1

theory proposes that we learn skills and behaviors through our social interactions?
A) Cognitive evaluation theory
B) Cognitive mediation theory
C) Self-efficacy theory
D) Social learning theory

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory proposes that we learn skills and behaviors through our social interactions with others. This theory emphasizes the importance of observation, imitation, and modeling of others' behaviors.

Question 2

social learning theory, what are the processes through which we learn skills and behaviors?
A) Modeling, reinforcement, and social comparison
B) Attention, retention, and motivation
C) Modeling, retention, and motivation
D) Social comparison, attention, and motivation

Accepted Answer

Modeling is the process of observing and imitating the behavior of others. Reinforcement is the process of providing a reward or punishment for a behavior, which can increase or decrease the likelihood of that behavior being repeated. Social comparison is the process of comparing oneself to others, which can lead to changes in behavior.

Question 3

According to cognitive mediation theory, what are the processes by which modeling affects learning?
A) Reinforcement, social comparison, retention, and behavior reproduction
B) Attention, retention, reinforcement, and motivation
C) Social comparison, behavior reproduction, attention, and retention
D) Attention, retention, behavior reproduction, and motivation

Accepted Answer

According to cognitive mediation theory, the processes by which modeling affects learning include attention (noticing the behavior), retention (remembering the behavior), behavior reproduction (the ability to replicate the behavior), and motivation (having a reason to replicate the behavior).

Question 4

of the following is NOT true about the attention process of modeling?
A) Observers older than 12 years of age tend to be overinclusive, so it is important to point out critical elements in a demonstration to these learners.
B) The more complex the skill, the greater the importance of directing students' attention to the most critical parts of the demonstration.
C) Observers will attend to a model whom they respect and admire.
D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The statement "Observers older than 12 years of age tend to be overinclusive, so it is important to point out critical elements in a demonstration to these learners" is not true about the attention process of modeling. There is no evidence that older observers are more likely to be overinclusive, and it is important to point out critical elements in a demonstration to all learners regardless of age.

Question 5

which of the four modeling processes (from the cognitive mediation theory) does the observer transform what was observed into symbolic codes to store into memory so the behavior can later be performed without repeating the demonstration?
A) Attention
B) Behavior reproduction
C) Motivation
D) Retention

Accepted Answer

Retention is the modeling process where the observer transforms what was observed into symbolic codes to store into memory so the behavior can later be performed without repeating the demonstration. Attention involves focusing on the behavior being demonstrated, behavior reproduction involves replicating the behavior, and motivation involves the desire or incentive to perform the behavior.

Question 6

of the following is the act of repeating, either out loud or to oneself, important cues?
A) Labeling
B) Organization
C) Verbal rehearsal
D) Behavior reproduction

Accepted Answer

Verbal rehearsal involves repeating important cues, facts or information in order to remember them better. This kind of repetition can help with encoding and retrieval of information from memory.

Question 7

act of transforming what was retained in memory about the movement into actual physical action is which of the following modeling processes (from the cognitive mediation theory)?
A) Attention
B) Behavior reproduction
C) Motivation
D) Retention

Accepted Answer

Behavior reproduction refers to the act of transforming what was retained in memory about the movement into actual physical action. This is the modeling process that occurs after attention, retention, and motivation have taken place.

Question 8

modeling process influences the other three processes (in the cognitive mediation theory)?
A) Attention
B) Behavior reproduction
C) Motivation
D) Retention

Accepted Answer

The answer of modeling process influences the other three processes...

Question 9

Research shows that modeling can help individuals learn which of the following?
A) Motor skills
B) Prosocial behaviors
C) Psychological states
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that modeling can help individuals learn motor skills, prosocial behaviors, and psychological states. Modeling can serve as a powerful tool for learning and behavior change as individuals can observe and imitate role models to adopt new behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs.

Question 10

of the following is true about the characteristics of effective models?
A) Models of the opposite sex (as compared to the observer) tend to be more effective.
B) Observing unskilled or learning models can be just as effective for learning motor skills as observing skilled models.
C) Athletes make the best models.
D) Physical education teachers are the only ones who should demonstrate skills.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that observing unskilled or learning models can be just as effective for learning motor skills as observing skilled models. The other options do not have any research to support them.

Question 11

model who initially has trouble performing a skill and verbalizes low confidence in him or herself but gradually shows improvement and correct performance and then eventually makes positive, confident verbalizations is called what sort of model?
A) Concurrent model
B) Verbal model
C) Peer coping model
D) Peer mastery model

Accepted Answer

A peer coping model is someone who initially struggles with a skill or task but gradually improves and demonstrates how to cope with and overcome those difficulties. This type of model is effective because it shows the learning process, including overcoming initial failures or difficulties, which can be more relatable and encouraging for learners.

Question 12

type of model, according to research, can be especially effective in helping students learn skills and activities that may initially produce fear, anxiety, or low self-confidence?
A) Peer coping
B) Peer mastery
C) Auditory
D) Visual

Accepted Answer

Peer coping models are effective because they demonstrate overcoming difficulties, which can help students relate and build confidence in their own abilities.

Question 13

of the following illustrates the most effective frequency and timing of modeling?
A) One demonstration of a skill, before physical practice
B) Several demonstrations of a skill before physical practice, then several more throughout physical practice
C) No demonstrations before physical practice, but several demonstrations interspersed throughout practice
D) One demonstration, halfway through physical practice

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that multiple demonstrations of a skill before physical practice, as well as several more throughout physical practice, lead to more effective retention and transfer of the skill. This allows for reinforcement and correction of any errors or misunderstandings during the learning process.

Question 14

According to research, the use of a small number of verbal cues during demonstrations tends to be most helpful for which type of observers?
A) Young children and non-native English-speaking children
B) Adolescents and non-native English-speaking children
C) Young children and native English-speaking children
D) Adolescents and native English-speaking children

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that using a small number of verbal cues during demonstrations is most helpful for young children and non-native English-speaking children. This is because they may have difficulty understanding complex language or instructions, and simple cues can help them better understand what they are supposed to do. Adolescents and native English-speaking children may be able to understand more complex language and instructions, so verbal cues may not be as necessary for them.

Question 15

According to research, verbal rehearsal of cues that accompanies a demonstration may be most effective for which type of learners?
A) Students with physical disabilities whose native language is English
B) Students with learning disabilities whose native language is not English
C) Students with physical disabilities whose native language is not English
D) Students with learning disabilities whose native language is English

Accepted Answer

Verbal rehearsal of cues is most effective for students with learning disabilities, as it helps them remember information through repetition and auditory processing. The fact that their native language is English is also important in order for them to understand and process the verbal cues effectively.

Question 16

type of model seems to enhance the learning of temporal skills (those involving timing)?
A) Peer coping
B) Peer mastery
C) Auditory
D) Visual

Accepted Answer

Auditory models are particularly effective for enhancing the learning of temporal skills because they provide a clear timing and rhythm for the learner to follow, which is crucial for tasks that involve precise timing.

Question 17

a variety of models to demonstrate tasks in physical education will help with which process of modeling (from the cognitive mediation theory)?
A) Attention
B) Behavior reproduction
C) Motivation
D) Retention

Accepted Answer

Attention is the first step in the cognitive mediation theory of modeling. Models help to focus attention on the task and make it more salient.

Question 18

the teacher repeat verbal cues during demonstrations, as well as having students verbally rehearse cues before practicing a task, can help with which process of modeling (from the cognitive mediation theory)?
A) Attention
B) Behavior reproduction
C) Motivation
D) Retention

Accepted Answer

The process referred to in this question is retention, which involves the learner encoding and storing information in their memory. By repeating verbal cues during demonstrations and having students verbally rehearse cues before practicing, the teacher is helping to reinforce the memory of the task, which enhances retention.

Question 19

Including a set induction and a closure during a physical education lesson can help with which process of modeling (from the cognitive mediation theory)?
A) Attention
B) Behavior reproduction
C) Motivation
D) Retention

Accepted Answer

The answer of Including a set induction and a closure...

Question 20

of the following is NOT part of an effective set induction?
A) Communicating the importance of the tasks and/or skills to be learned
B) Demonstrating the skill or task
C) Telling students what they will be working on in the lesson
D) Conveying the lesson objective to students

Accepted Answer

While demonstrating a skill or task can be an effective way to introduce it, it is not always necessary or feasible. The other options are all important in setting the stage for the lesson and helping students understand what they will be learning.

Quiz 3: Modeling

theory proposes that we learn skills and behaviors through our social interactions?

social learning theory, what are the processes through which we learn skills and behaviors?

According to cognitive mediation theory, what are the processes by which modeling affects learning?

of the following is NOT true about the attention process of modeling?

which of the four modeling processes (from the cognitive mediation theory) does the observer transform what was observed into symbolic codes to store into memory so the behavior can later be performed without repeating the demonstration?

of the following is the act of repeating, either out loud or to oneself, important cues?

act of transforming what was retained in memory about the movement into actual physical action is which of the following modeling processes (from the cognitive mediation theory) ?

modeling process influences the other three processes (in the cognitive mediation theory) ?

Research shows that modeling can help individuals learn which of the following?

of the following is true about the characteristics of effective models?

model who initially has trouble performing a skill and verbalizes low confidence in him or herself but gradually shows improvement and correct performance and then eventually makes positive, confident verbalizations is called what sort of model?

type of model, according to research, can be especially effective in helping students learn skills and activities that may initially produce fear, anxiety, or low self-confidence?

of the following illustrates the most effective frequency and timing of modeling?

According to research, the use of a small number of verbal cues during demonstrations tends to be most helpful for which type of observers?

According to research, verbal rehearsal of cues that accompanies a demonstration may be most effective for which type of learners?

type of model seems to enhance the learning of temporal skills (those involving timing) ?

a variety of models to demonstrate tasks in physical education will help with which process of modeling (from the cognitive mediation theory) ?

the teacher repeat verbal cues during demonstrations, as well as having students verbally rehearse cues before practicing a task, can help with which process of modeling (from the cognitive mediation theory) ?

Including a set induction and a closure during a physical education lesson can help with which process of modeling (from the cognitive mediation theory) ?

of the following is NOT part of an effective set induction?