Question 1

People who identify strongly with a parent who taught norms that encourage helping others are more likely to help others in heroic ways.

Accepted Answer

This statement is supported by research conducted by psychology professor Lawrence Walker and his colleagues. They found that individuals who had strong identification with a parent or other significant adult figure who taught altruistic values were more likely to engage in heroic behavior, such as rescuing someone from danger or donating bone marrow.

Question 2

People often use the reactions of others to determine if a situation is an emergency and if they should offer help.

Accepted Answer

This is commonly known as the bystander effect or bystander intervention. People tend to look to others for cues on how to behave in a situation, especially in ambiguous or stressful situations. If they see others reacting as if it is an emergency, they are more likely to offer help. If others seem unconcerned, they may assume it is not an emergency and refrain from offering assistance.

Question 3

In an emergency situation, people are more likely to receive help if multiple bystanders are present.

Accepted Answer

This is due to the bystander effect, where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present. The more bystanders there are, the less personal responsibility individuals feel to take action.

Question 4

People in happy moods are more likely to help others.

Accepted Answer

Research studies have shown that people in positive and happy moods are more likely to engage in helpful and kind behaviors towards others. This phenomenon is called the "mood maintenance hypothesis", which proposes that people are motivated to preserve their positive moods and one way to do so is by engaging in kind and prosocial behaviors.

Question 5

Edie volunteers in her spare time at a soup kitchen to help those in need. Volunteers for another organization are working together to build a house for individuals whose old home was damaged in an earthquake. Based on the definitions provided in the text, Edie is engaging in _______ and the other volunteers are engaging in _______.

Accepted Answer

Edie is engaging in prosocial behavior because she is helping those in need without any expectation of personal gain. The other volunteers are also engaging in prosocial behavior by working together to build a house for individuals in need. The aspect of working together shows cooperation, but the primary behavior being exhibited is prosocial behavior.

Question 6

Jonathan sees a stranded motorist on the side of the freeway and pulls over to help the motorist change a flat tire. If Jonathan decided to help this person without expecting anything in return, then this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Altruism is the selfless concern for the well-being of others. Jonathan is helping the stranded motorist without expecting anything in return, which aligns with the definition of altruism. Egoism is the belief that individuals act to promote their own self-interest, so it is not applicable in this situation. Negative-state relief suggests that people help to alleviate their own negative emotions or distress, which is not explicitly mentioned in the scenario. The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to help in the presence of others, which is also not applicable in this scenario as it only involves Jonathan and the stranded motorist.

Question 7

Without going beyond the information provided, which of the following actions by Abe is the clearest example of egoism?

Accepted Answer

Abe is acting with the motivation of personal gain (resume building), which is a characteristic of egoism. The other choices involve actions that benefit others without any immediate personal gain for Abe.

Question 8

According to research by Eagly and Crowley (1986), men are more likely to help in _______ whereas women help more often in _______.

Accepted Answer

Eagly and Crowley's research found that men are more likely to help in emergency situations while women help more often in relationships.

Question 9

Imagine people are working hard in the cubicles in their office when, suddenly, the lights flicker and an individual in the next room cries out in pain. Who will be most likely to investigate and help the other person?

Accepted Answer

Harry, who is high in self-efficacy, would be the most likely to investigate and help the other person. Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to successfully perform a task or solve a problem, and high levels of self-efficacy are associated with greater initiative and persistence in challenging situations. Therefore, Harry would be more likely to take action and help the person in need. Gary, who is training new employees, may be focused on his own tasks and responsibilities. Elliot, who dropped out of medical school after one semester, may not feel confident in his ability to provide effective assistance in a medical emergency.

Question 10

According to evolutionary theory, in which of the following situations is the prosocial behavior (on some level) driven by the motivation to pass on one's genes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to evolutionary theory, in which of...

Question 11

Janelle is a devout Christian who spends a lot of time helping other Christians in need. When asked if she would also like to volunteer to help Muslims in her community who were in need, Janelle declined. It is likely that Janelle would score high on the _______.

Accepted Answer

Janelle's actions suggest she prioritizes helping those within her religious group, indicating a high score on the religion principle, which involves favoring one's own religious group.

Question 12

In a classic study by Darley and Batson (1973), seminary students passed by a man slumped in a doorway as they walked across campus to give a speech. In which of the following conditions were the seminary students most likely to stop and help this man?

Accepted Answer

The study found that seminary students were most likely to stop and help the man if they were not in a hurry, indicating that time pressure significantly affects people's willingness to offer help.

Question 13

Based on the study by Shotland and Straw (1976) in which a physical attack was staged between a man and a woman, what should a woman shout out if she is being attacked by a stranger?

Accepted Answer

The study by Shotland and Straw (1976) found that bystanders were more likely to intervene if the woman indicated that she did not know the attacker, as it was perceived as a more clear-cut case of danger requiring intervention. Saying "I don't know you!" signals to bystanders that the situation is an unambiguous assault by a stranger, potentially increasing the likelihood of intervention.

Question 14

In a study by Latane and Darley (1968), participants filled out paperwork in a waiting room when, all of a sudden, smoke started pouring into the room. Participants in only one of the conditions reliably reported the smoke. What explanation was given to explain the failure of participants in the other conditions to also report the smoke?

Accepted Answer

In the other conditions, there were two other confederates (research assistants posing as participants) who acted as though they did not notice the smoke or did not react to it, which led the real participants to think that the situation was not an emergency. This is known as the bystander effect or diffusion of responsibility, where individuals are less likely to take action in an emergency situation if they perceive that others are present who could also take responsibility.

Question 15

Early one morning, Jackie is pushing her infant son in a stroller past a park in downtown Chicago. As she walks by the park, she notices a man who appears to be homeless slumped down at an odd angle on a park bench. She immediately looks around her to see if anyone else notices the man. People passing by jogging and driving by in their cars do not seem concerned about the man on the bench, so Jackie assumes that he must be okay. In this situation, Jackie did not help because of:

Accepted Answer

Jackie did not help because of pluralistic ignorance, where she looked to the reactions of others to gauge the seriousness of the situation. Seeing that no one else was concerned, she assumed that the man must be okay, despite her initial concern.

Question 16

During a study ostensibly on problems of college life, participants heard one of the other participants having a seizure. In which of the following conditions were the participants most likely to get help for the other participant?

Accepted Answer

Participants were most likely to help when they believed they were the only ones aware of the emergency, due to the diffusion of responsibility being lower in this scenario.

Question 17

Gene is on his way to work early one morning when he sees a car overturned in a field. He assumes that someone else must have already called the police, and so he doesn't pull over to investigate. Based on this example, Gene did not help because of:

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of responsibility occurs when individuals assume that someone else will take responsibility for a situation, leading to a decrease in the likelihood of any one person taking action. Gene likely assumed that someone else had already called the police, and therefore did not feel a strong sense of personal responsibility to stop and investigate.

Question 18

Research by Darley and Latane attributed the 1964 murder of Kitty Genovese to which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research by Darley and Latane attributed the...

Question 19

Which of the following statements about helping is false?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Research has shown that people are more likely to help those who are in need because of uncontrollable reasons, such as natural disasters or illnesses, rather than controllable factors like laziness or bad decisions.

Question 20

In a study by Isen and Levin (1972) participants were put into either a good mood or a bad mood and their likelihood of helping a confederate pick up a fallen stack of books was recorded. The results showed that:

Accepted Answer

The study found that people in happy moods were more likely to help than those in sad moods.

Quiz 14: Helping and Cooperation

People who identify strongly with a parent who taught norms that encourage helping others are more likely to help others in heroic ways.

People often use the reactions of others to determine if a situation is an emergency and if they should offer help.

In an emergency situation, people are more likely to receive help if multiple bystanders are present.

People in happy moods are more likely to help others.

Jonathan sees a stranded motorist on the side of the freeway and pulls over to help the motorist change a flat tire. If Jonathan decided to help this person without expecting anything in return, then this is an example of:

Without going beyond the information provided, which of the following actions by Abe is the clearest example of egoism?

According to research by Eagly and Crowley (1986) , men are more likely to help in _ whereas women help more often in _.

Imagine people are working hard in the cubicles in their office when, suddenly, the lights flicker and an individual in the next room cries out in pain. Who will be most likely to investigate and help the other person?

According to evolutionary theory, in which of the following situations is the prosocial behavior (on some level) driven by the motivation to pass on one's genes?

Janelle is a devout Christian who spends a lot of time helping other Christians in need. When asked if she would also like to volunteer to help Muslims in her community who were in need, Janelle declined. It is likely that Janelle would score high on the _______.

In a classic study by Darley and Batson (1973) , seminary students passed by a man slumped in a doorway as they walked across campus to give a speech. In which of the following conditions were the seminary students most likely to stop and help this man?

Based on the study by Shotland and Straw (1976) in which a physical attack was staged between a man and a woman, what should a woman shout out if she is being attacked by a stranger?

During a study ostensibly on problems of college life, participants heard one of the other participants having a seizure. In which of the following conditions were the participants most likely to get help for the other participant?

Gene is on his way to work early one morning when he sees a car overturned in a field. He assumes that someone else must have already called the police, and so he doesn't pull over to investigate. Based on this example, Gene did not help because of:

Research by Darley and Latane attributed the 1964 murder of Kitty Genovese to which of the following factors?

Which of the following statements about helping is false?

In a study by Isen and Levin (1972) participants were put into either a good mood or a bad mood and their likelihood of helping a confederate pick up a fallen stack of books was recorded. The results showed that:

Quiz 14: Helping and Cooperation

People who identify strongly with a parent who taught norms that encourage helping others are more likely to help others in heroic ways.

People often use the reactions of others to determine if a situation is an emergency and if they should offer help.

In an emergency situation, people are more likely to receive help if multiple bystanders are present.

People in happy moods are more likely to help others.

Jonathan sees a stranded motorist on the side of the freeway and pulls over to help the motorist change a flat tire. If Jonathan decided to help this person without expecting anything in return, then this is an example of:

Without going beyond the information provided, which of the following actions by Abe is the clearest example of egoism?

According to research by Eagly and Crowley (1986) , men are more likely to help in _______ whereas women help more often in _______.

Imagine people are working hard in the cubicles in their office when, suddenly, the lights flicker and an individual in the next room cries out in pain. Who will be most likely to investigate and help the other person?

According to evolutionary theory, in which of the following situations is the prosocial behavior (on some level) driven by the motivation to pass on one's genes?

Janelle is a devout Christian who spends a lot of time helping other Christians in need. When asked if she would also like to volunteer to help Muslims in her community who were in need, Janelle declined. It is likely that Janelle would score high on the _______.

In a classic study by Darley and Batson (1973) , seminary students passed by a man slumped in a doorway as they walked across campus to give a speech. In which of the following conditions were the seminary students most likely to stop and help this man?

Based on the study by Shotland and Straw (1976) in which a physical attack was staged between a man and a woman, what should a woman shout out if she is being attacked by a stranger?

During a study ostensibly on problems of college life, participants heard one of the other participants having a seizure. In which of the following conditions were the participants most likely to get help for the other participant?

Gene is on his way to work early one morning when he sees a car overturned in a field. He assumes that someone else must have already called the police, and so he doesn't pull over to investigate. Based on this example, Gene did not help because of:

Research by Darley and Latane attributed the 1964 murder of Kitty Genovese to which of the following factors?

Which of the following statements about helping is false?

In a study by Isen and Levin (1972) participants were put into either a good mood or a bad mood and their likelihood of helping a confederate pick up a fallen stack of books was recorded. The results showed that:

According to research by Eagly and Crowley (1986) , men are more likely to help in _ whereas women help more often in _.