Question 1

______ analysis is more specific than ______ analysis.
A) Quantitative; qualitative
B) Qualitative; quantitative
C) Qualitative; mixed methods
D) Mixed methods; quantitative

Accepted Answer

Quantitative analysis involves the use of numerical data and statistical methods, which provides more specific and precise results as opposed to Qualitative analysis, which focuses on subjective observations and interpretation.

Question 2

Quantitative analysis is at times ______.
A) circular
B) triangular
C) linear
D) rectangular

Accepted Answer

Quantitative analysis involves the use of numbers and mathematical calculations, which follow a linear or straight-line approach. It involves measuring, evaluating, and testing data using various statistical techniques. Therefore, choice C is the best fit. Choices A and B are not relevant to quantitative analysis, while choice D is not a proper way to describe the methodology.

Question 3

Creswell's (2012) proposed stages of qualitative research include all but which of the following?
A) organizing and familiarizing
B) coding and reducing
C) interpreting and representing
D) triangulating and increasing

Accepted Answer

The stages proposed by Creswell (2012) are organizing and familiarizing, coding and reducing, interpreting and representing, and finally, writing and evaluating. Triangulating and increasing is not one of the proposed stages.

Question 4

Interviews, natural observation, focus groups, and archival data are all examples of what?
A) generating data
B) organizing data
C) triangulating data
D) interpreting data

Accepted Answer

The examples listed are all methods of generating data, or collecting data through various means for research or analysis purposes.

Question 5

Lofland, Snow, Anderson, and Lofland (2006) proposed that there are ______ units of analysis or data collection for qualitative research.
A) six
B) seven
C) eight
D) nine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lofland, Snow, Anderson, and Lofland (2006) proposed...

Question 6

Social practices are defined as the ______ unit of analysis in social settings and are characterized by repetition of communications and behaviors in interactions.
A) smallest
B) largest
C) most robust
D) leading

Accepted Answer

Social practices are defined as the smallest unit of analysis in social settings, which means they are the most basic and fundamental building blocks of social interactions. Social practices involve the repetition of behaviors and communications, which make them predictable and recognizable to participants in the social setting.

Question 7

A second type of data unit analysis, ______, has been characterized as unusual dramatic experiences.
A) rituals
B) episodes
C) encounters
D) roles

Accepted Answer

The term "episodes" fits the description of "unusual dramatic experiences" that characterize a type of data unit analysis. The other choices, rituals, encounters, and roles, do not necessarily imply dramatic experiences.

Question 8

______ are defined in terms of there being two or more individuals sharing social space and who are focused on maintaining a mutual interaction.
A) Rituals
B) Episodes
C) Encounters
D) Roles

Accepted Answer

Encounters are defined as social interactions between two or more individuals who share social space and are focused on maintaining a mutual interaction. Rituals are repeated behaviors with symbolic meaning, episodes refer to a series of related events or experiences, and roles are patterns of behavior associated with a particular social position or status.

Question 9

______ are composed of clusters of behaviors that are connected to a specific position.
A) Rituals
B) Episodes
C) Encounters
D) Roles

Accepted Answer

Roles are composed of clusters of behaviors that are connected to a specific position or social status. Rituals are a pattern of actions with symbolic meaning, episodes are specific events or incidents, and encounters are brief or unplanned interactions.

Question 10

A(n) ______ interview is essentially wide-open and left to the interviewer to determine the direction.
A) semi-structured
B) structured
C) unstructured
D) open

Accepted Answer

An unstructured interview is essentially wide-open and left to the interviewer to determine the direction. There are no set questions or format, which allows for more flexibility and spontaneity in the interview.

Question 11

______ interviews is a combination of unstructured and structured formats.
A) Semi-Structured
B) Structured
C) Unstructured
D) Open

Accepted Answer

Semi-structured interviews combine elements of both structured and unstructured interviews. Some questions may be predetermined, but the interviewer has flexibility to ask additional questions or follow-up on responses in a more open-ended manner.

Question 12

______ step has been described as the "core" of qualitative analysis.
A) Organizing and familiarizing
B) Coding
C) Interpreting and representing
D) Triangulating and increasing

Accepted Answer

The coding step is often considered the "core" of qualitative analysis because it involves breaking down the data into smaller units and assigning codes to those units, which enables the researcher to identify patterns and themes within the data. This process is essential for interpreting and representing the data accurately.

Question 13

______ are similar codes aggregated together to form a major idea in the database.
A) Intercodes
B) Units of Meaning
C) Themes
D) Descriptions

Accepted Answer

Themes are similar codes that are grouped together to form a major idea in the database. Intercodes refer to the relationships between codes, units of meaning refer to the smallest unit of analysis in qualitative research, and descriptions refer to the detailed accounts of the data.

Question 14

Creswell (2012) noted that "qualitative analysis is messy and nonlinear."

Accepted Answer

Creswell (2012) stated that because qualitative analysis involves interpreting data, it is often messy and nonlinear, unlike quantitative analysis where the steps are usually more straightforward and linear.

Question 15

One important consideration that frequently is left out of the generating data process is determining what the unit of analysis is.

Accepted Answer

Determining the unit of analysis is crucial in generating data as it helps to ensure that the data collected is relevant and useful to the research question being explored. Choosing the inappropriate unit of analysis can lead to incorrect conclusions and ultimately a waste of resources.

Question 16

Prior to deciding how to collect the data there is no need to make a decision on the units of data gathering.

Accepted Answer

Units of data gathering refer to how the data will be collected, such as through surveys, observations, or experiments. The decision on units of data gathering should be made prior to collecting the data as it will impact the type and quality of data collected.

Question 17

According to Lofland et al. (2006), units are arranged hierarchically and increase in social complexity from practices to lifestyles.

Accepted Answer

Units are indeed arranged hierarchically and increase in social complexity from practices to lifestyles, as stated by Lofland et al. (2006).

Question 18

Episodes, according to Lofland et al. (2006), may involve only a few people or may include thousands of people.

Accepted Answer

According to Lofland et al. (2006), episodes can involve a few people or thousands of people.

Question 19

Episodes are long term and not episodic.

Accepted Answer

Episodes are short-term events or occurrences, typically part of a larger series or sequence, and not long-term or continuous.

Question 20

Encounters are not well defined and generally involve specific roles and boundaries between participants.

Accepted Answer

Encounters are well defined and involve specific roles and boundaries between participants, as they are structured interactions that follow social norms and expectations.

Quiz 8: Basics of Qualitative Research Data Analysis

analysis is more specific than analysis.

Quantitative analysis is at times ______.

Creswell's (2012) proposed stages of qualitative research include all but which of the following?

Interviews, natural observation, focus groups, and archival data are all examples of what?

Lofland, Snow, Anderson, and Lofland (2006) proposed that there are ______ units of analysis or data collection for qualitative research.

Social practices are defined as the ______ unit of analysis in social settings and are characterized by repetition of communications and behaviors in interactions.

A second type of data unit analysis, ______, has been characterized as unusual dramatic experiences.

______ are defined in terms of there being two or more individuals sharing social space and who are focused on maintaining a mutual interaction.

______ are composed of clusters of behaviors that are connected to a specific position.

A(n) ______ interview is essentially wide-open and left to the interviewer to determine the direction.

______ interviews is a combination of unstructured and structured formats.

______ step has been described as the "core" of qualitative analysis.

______ are similar codes aggregated together to form a major idea in the database.