Question 1

Carl Rogers discovered clients benefited most when he was all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers discovered that clients benefited most when he was non-directive, accepting, and understanding of clients. He believed that clients should be the ones leading the therapy session, rather than the therapist being overly directive.

Question 2

Initially known as a T-group, this group approach is now called

Accepted Answer

The group approach initially known as a T-group is now commonly referred to as an encounter group.

Question 3

T-groups were created primarily to

Accepted Answer

T-groups, or sensitivity training groups, were created to increase participants' self-awareness, personal growth, and sensitivity to others through experiential exercises and feedback. While social interest and discussing past experiences may come up in these groups, they are not the primary goals. Therefore, choice A and B are not entirely accurate. Choice D is technically correct in that all options are potential outcomes, but C is the most accurate in terms of the primary purpose of T-groups.

Question 4

If a client verbally attacks the leader, the leader should

Accepted Answer

The best choice is for the leader to react non-defensively. This means that the leader should remain calm, composed and not take the attack personally. The leader should also redirect the conversation back to the issue at hand and avoid engaging in a power struggle with the client. Asking the client to leave the session or dropping them from the group should only be considered as a last resort if the client's behavior is disrupting the therapeutic process for everyone else.

Question 5

An effective humanistic counselor will do all of the following, EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Humanistic counselors believe in the importance of allowing clients to arrive at their own insights and solutions, rather than interpreting their behavior for them. Therefore, an effective humanistic counselor would not interpret client motives and behavior whenever possible. Instead, they would provide a non-judgmental, empathetic, and supportive environment for the client to explore their thoughts and feelings. Options A, B, and C are all characteristics of an effective humanistic counselor.

Question 6

The most fundamental condition of a person-centered group leader is

Accepted Answer

Communication of unconditional positive regard is the most fundamental condition of a person-centered group leader. This means that the leader must accept and value each group member unconditionally, regardless of their behavior or beliefs.

Question 7

Humanistic leaders should attend to their

Accepted Answer

Humanistic leaders should attend to all of these aspects - posture, facial expressions, and level of eye contact - as they are all important nonverbal cues that can convey confidence, warmth, and respect to others. A leader with good posture shows confidence and poise, while facial expressions can convey emotions and help build rapport. Maintaining appropriate eye contact shows attentiveness and respect for the other person. Therefore, attending to all three can improve a humanistic leader's communication skills and help them build stronger relationships with others.

Question 8

The existential philosophy of counseling is most often applied to

Accepted Answer

The existential philosophy of counseling is focused on exploring the meaning of existence and the choices individuals make in their lives. This approach is best suited for psychotherapy groups where individuals can explore their personal experiences and the meaning they find in them. The approach may not be as applicable to psychoeducational or task groups, which focus more on learning specific skills or achieving specific goals.

Question 9

During the __________ stage of existential group counseling, members translate their insights into action.

Accepted Answer

The final stage of existential group counseling is where members are encouraged to take action and implement their insights into their daily lives. This involves making concrete changes and choices based on their newfound understanding of themselves, their values, and their relationship with the world around them.

Question 10

Existential techniques

Accepted Answer

Existential techniques are often derived from other theories, such as psychoanalytic, humanistic, and cognitive-behavioral theories. However, they are guided by a philosophical framework that focuses on the individual's freedom, responsibility, and search for meaning in life. These techniques aim to help members come to terms with the paradoxes of living, such as the inevitability of death and the uncertainty of the future. Therefore, the best choice is D, all of the above.

Question 11

All of the following are considered types of humanistic groups EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Self-help groups are not typically classified under humanistic groups. Humanistic groups focus on personal growth, sensory awareness, and sensitivity, emphasizing individual potential and self-actualization, whereas self-help groups are generally peer-led and focus on shared experiences and support for specific issues.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding both person-centered and existential approaches to group work? Both approaches:

Accepted Answer

Both person-centered and existential approaches to group work stress the importance of self-awareness, share common assumptions about human nature and the therapeutic process, and emphasize that people have free will and the ability to make choices that promote growth. Therefore, all of the choices are true.

Question 13

All of the following characteristics describe a person-centered group leader EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Person-centered group leaders are typically non-directive, non-defensive, and self-disclosing, but they do not necessarily have a structured approach. The person-centered approach is focused on creating a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment where group members can explore their feelings and experiences. The leader's role is to facilitate this process by listening actively, reflecting back what they hear, and asking open-ended questions to help group members gain insight and clarity. While some person-centered group leaders may choose to have a loose structure in terms of topics or themes explored, the approach itself is not inherently structured.

Question 14

Person-centered group counseling focuses more on the __________ of therapeutic interactions, rather than the

Accepted Answer

Person-centered group counseling places greater emphasis on the process of therapeutic interaction, such as creating a safe and trusting environment, rather than the content of what is discussed. The goal is to facilitate personal growth and self-exploration within the group dynamic.

Question 15

Which of the following techniques did Rogers employ in person-centered group counseling?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following techniques did Rogers...

Question 16

According to existentialism, ????__________ exist(s) in the four ultimate concerns of: death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness.

Accepted Answer

According to existentialism, anxieties exist in the four ultimate concerns of death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness. While depression and suicidality could potentially stem from these concerns, they are not explicitly stated as existing within existentialist philosophy. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 17

The ultimate goal of existential therapy is

Accepted Answer

Existential therapy aims to help individuals lead more authentic lives by making conscious choices and taking responsibility for their actions, rather than eliminating anxieties or solely focusing on self-awareness or social interactions.

Question 18

Generally, the existential approach to group work is most useful for members who

Accepted Answer

The existential approach to group work typically involves exploring deep, significant issues related to being human. Therefore, members who are verbal, can communicate effectively, and are not afraid to deal with painful issues are likely to benefit the most from this approach. Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 19

__________ most accurately describes the existential leader's function in the group.

Accepted Answer

Existential leaders function more as partners within a group, emphasizing collaboration and shared responsibility rather than directing or parenting, which aligns with the principles of existentialism that stress individual freedom, choice, and responsibility.

Question 20

Similar to the person-centered approach, the existential approach uses

Accepted Answer

The existential approach, like the person-centered approach, utilizes silence, questions, and interpretations. Silence is used to allow the client to reflect and explore their thoughts and feelings without interruption. Questions are used by therapists to encourage clients to explore their thoughts and feelings and to gain a deeper understanding of themselves. Interpretations are used to help clients explore their experiences and to gain insight into their thoughts and feelings. Therefore, all of the above options are used in the existential approach.

Quiz 16: Person-Centered and Existential Approaches to Group Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theory, Techniques, and Applications