Question 1

Factors affecting police future development include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Increased stability in police-community relationships is not a factor that affects police future development, as it is already a desired outcome of current police reform efforts. The other options listed are all important factors that will shape the future of policing.

Question 2

Research on the use of force has identified all of the following as determinants of police violence EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The other options all identify factors that can contribute to police violence. However, police/citizen interactions being voluntary, public, and time-consuming would not typically be considered a determinant of police violence as it is not directly related to the use of force.

Question 3

A factor that leads well-meaning police officers to make bad use-of-force decisions has been identified by Fyfe (2015) as the:

Accepted Answer

Fyfe (2015) identified the "split-second syndrome" as a factor that can cause well-meaning police officers to make bad use-of-force decisions. This refers to the pressure officers may feel to make a split-second, life-or-death decision in a high-stress situation, which can lead to suboptimal decision-making.

Question 4

Adams reached the following conclusion about police actual use of force.

Accepted Answer

Adams concluded that a small proportion of officers are disproportionately involved in use-of-force incidents.

Question 5

As a result of the ___________________ U.S. Supreme Court decision, departments issued policies directing officers to create a buffer zone of 21 feet when faced with potential danger any time a person within this area is armed with a knife.

Accepted Answer

The Graham v. Connor decision is pivotal in law enforcement, establishing the "objective reasonableness" standard for police use of force, which indirectly influences policies like the 21-foot rule for handling threats such as individuals armed with a knife.

Question 6

PERF's 30 Principles on the Use of Force include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The answer of PERF's 30 Principles on the Use of...

Question 7

Research has revealed the following about the use of Tasers:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research has revealed the following about the...

Question 8

In 2015, the IACP's national summit on police-community relations outlined a series of strategies by which law enforcement executives can build trust in their communities, which include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The strategies outlined by the IACP's national summit on police-community relations include A, B, and D, but not C. The focus of the strategies is on building trust through redefining policing, developing relationships, and measuring success in community-police relationships. Developing crime management technology is not one of the strategies listed.

Question 9

The Department of Justice's Principles of Good Policing include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The Department of Justice's Principles of Good Policing includes preserving and advancing the principles of democracy, placing the highest value on the preservation of human life, and maintaining the highest standards of integrity. However, the principle that the police should believe that enforcement of the law is its number-one operational priority is not included.

Question 10

A police department's establishment of a clear set of values that articulates what it believes in accomplishes all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The establishment of a clear set of values does not necessarily set a foundation for rigid managerial control and direction. Instead, it provides a framework for ethical decision-making and guides the behaviors and actions of police officers.

Question 11

According to the text, all of the following are true regarding police legitimacy EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The statement in A is not mentioned as an exception regarding police legitimacy in the text. The other options (B, C, D) directly relate to the concept of police legitimacy, emphasizing the importance of public support, cooperation, and perceptions of authority in determining the legitimacy of police actions.

Question 12

_______________ is/are concerned with the officer's use of rational, neutral, and transparent decision making.

Accepted Answer

Procedural justice is concerned with the fair and impartial application of the law by law enforcement officers. This includes the use of rational, neutral, and transparent decision making processes. Crime control and crime prevention are broader concepts that encompass various strategies for controlling and preventing crime, whereas operational tactics refer to specific techniques or methods used by law enforcement officers.

Question 13

A major implementation factor in promoting a culture of respect within the department is:

Accepted Answer

Communication is a major implementation factor in promoting a culture of respect within the department. Effective communication helps to build trust and understanding between colleagues, which in turn leads to more respectful and productive work relationships. By fostering open lines of communication, team members are better able to express their thoughts, opinions, and concerns in a respectful manner, reducing the likelihood of conflict and misunderstandings arising.

Question 14

Actors whose views can significantly impact the police organization are identified as:

Accepted Answer

Sovereigns are individuals who hold a high degree of power and influence, such as politicians, community leaders or celebrities. Their views and statements can significantly impact public opinion and policies, including those related to law enforcement. Thus, their perspectives can have an important effect on the police organization.

Question 15

The implementation guide for the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing recommends all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The implementation guide for the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing does not specifically recommend embracing strategic management as a philosophy and way of doing business. The focus is more on changing the culture of policing, ensuring fair and impartial policing, and building community capital.

Question 16

The National Institute of Justice suggests that police leaders facing budgetary cutbacks should do all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The National Institute of Justice recommends focusing on long-term planning, prioritizing what is retained over what is cut, and allocating budget towards top goals rather than primarily focusing on ways to cut costs. This approach encourages strategic thinking and resource allocation that supports the most critical functions and goals of the police department.

Question 17

According to the text, millennials have attributes that include:

Accepted Answer

The text mentions that millennials tend to challenge the traditional chain of command, which means they may not always follow the traditional hierarchy. There is no mention of intolerance, difficulty with technology, or resentment of feedback.

Question 18

All of the following EXCEPT ___________________ are aspects of procedural justice identified by Blader and Tyler (2003) that affect employees.

Accepted Answer

The other three aspects (unbiased decision-making, fair treatment in evaluations, and inclusion/importance of group membership) are identified as important aspects of procedural justice by Blader and Tyler (2003), but the need for quick and direct use of discipline is not listed as one of them.

Question 19

In police organizations that have become learning organizations, all of the following takes place EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Engaging in communication controlled by the chain of command goes against the idea of a learning organization as it limits open communication and hinders the flow of ideas and information among all members of the organization. Learning organizations prioritize communication and collaboration among all members, regardless of hierarchy or rank.

Question 20

Research experiments on body-worn cameras (BWCs) reported all the following results EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

None of the research experiments reported a result of declining crime rates.

Quiz 13: Future Challenges and Concerns