Question 1

With regard to handedness, which of the following statements is the MOST accurate?
A) ​Young babies tend to use both hands interchangeably, demonstrating no preference of one hand over another.
B) ​Most young babies tend to use their right hand predominantly, and remain right-handed later in their development.
C) ​Most young babies tend to use their left hand predominantly, and then change to right-handedness later in their development.
D) ​Most young babies tend to use their left hand predominant, and remain left-handed later in their development.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that young babies tend to use both their hands interchangeably, showing no preference for either hand. It is only as they develop further that they begin to show a stronger preference for one hand over the other.

Question 2

By what age would you expect to see a child running with ease, effortlessly changing their speed and direction?
A) ​3-4 years
B) ​5-6 years
C) ​7-8 years
D) ​9-10 years

Accepted Answer

By the age of 5-6 years, children typically develop the coordination and motor skills necessary to run with ease, changing speed and direction effortlessly.

Question 3

There are many jokes out there about the advantage that having opposable thumbs gives human beings over most animals. As your authors note, however, it is not until the age of ____ that children actually start to use their thumbs as part of the grasping process!
A) ​3-4 months
B) ​5-6 months
C) ​7-8 months
D) ​9-10 months

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are many jokes out there about...

Question 4

Based on the different components of dynamic systems theory, you should not expect a child to be able walk on their own, unsupported, until they reach the age of ____ months.
A) ​6-9
B) ​9-12
C) ​12-15
D) ​15-18

Accepted Answer

According to dynamic systems theory, walking independently typically emerges around 12-15 months of age. This theory emphasizes the integration of multiple systems (e.g., neurological, muscular, perceptual) that develop at different rates, leading to the acquisition of new motor skills like walking.

Question 5

With regard to the specialization of children's brains, which of the following is NOT a relevant principle?
A) ​Specialization is evident in early development.
B) ​Specialization is unaffected by the environment.
C) ​Specialization takes on two forms.
D) ​Specialization occurs at different rates in different systems.

Accepted Answer

Specialization of children's brains is heavily influenced by the environment in which they develop. In fact, early experiences can shape the development of specific brain circuits and lead to specialization in particular functions. Thus, option B is not a relevant principle. The other options - A, C, and D - are all relevant principles of brain specialization in children.

Question 6

Distinguishing and mastering different motions is to ____ as linking individual motions into a coherent, coordinated whole is to ____.
A) ​sensorimotor; formal operations
B) ​integration; differentiation
C) ​formal operations; sensorimotor
D) ​differentiation; integration

Accepted Answer

Distinguishing and mastering different motions is an example of differentiation, while linking those motions into a coherent whole is an example of integration.

Question 7

Felicia and Patty are thrilled that their baby daughter has recently learned to sit up by herself without assistance or support. According to your textbook, about how old is their daughter?
A) ​2 months of age
B) ​4 months of age
C) ​7 months of age
D) ​10 months of age

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, babies typically learn to sit up unsupported around 6-7 months of age, so Felicia and Patty's daughter is likely around that age. Option A) 2 months of age is too early for this milestone, and option B) 4 months of age is also unlikely since babies typically need more time to develop the strength and coordination necessary for independent sitting. Option D) 10 months of age is too late for this milestone, as most babies are able to sit independently before this age.

Question 8

Studies of infant stepping behavior on a treadmill demonstrated that
A) ​the pattern of alternating of steps on each leg precedes the ability to walk.
B) ​even very young infants can walk without assistance.
C) ​infants cannot judge the speed of movement of a moving object (e.g., the treadmill).
D) ​infants will refuse to attempt to walk even if held upright.

Accepted Answer

The studies of infant stepping behavior on a treadmill have shown that the pattern of alternating steps on each leg precedes the ability to walk independently. This means that infants as young as a few months old can display the basic stepping pattern while being supported on a treadmill, even if they cannot walk on their own yet. Option B is incorrect because infants still need support when learning to walk, and cannot do so without assistance. Option C is incorrect because infants can track moving objects and adjust their movements accordingly. Option D is also incorrect because infants typically show an eagerness to take steps and explore their environment when given support.

Question 9

You would think that balance is something that, once learned, you will have mastered for your entire life. In fact, however, balance must be relearned for sitting, crawling, walking, and other postures. Why is this?
A) ​Because each posture develops independently of others, and thus there is no "central" balance skill that can be learned.
B) ​Because each posture involves a different part of the brain, and balance must be coordinated with each of those brain areas.
C) ​Because balance involves "gross" motor skills, and different postures are typically "fine" motor skills.
D) ​Because the body rotates around different points and different muscles must be used for each posture.

Accepted Answer

Balance involves the use of different muscles depending on the posture. For example, balancing in a sitting position requires different muscle activation and coordination than balancing in a standing or walking position. Therefore, balance must be relearned for each posture.

Question 10

Caleb is four months old. If he is like others his age, when he grasps a rattle, he will grasp it with
A) ​his fingers and thumb.
B) ​his thumb only.
C) ​his fingers only.
D) ​one finger from each hand.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Caleb is four months old. If he...

Question 11

A child's ability to move around in the world is referred to as
A) ​locomotion.
B) ​gross motor skills.
C) ​fine motor skills.
D) ​dynamic motion.

Accepted Answer

Locomotion refers to a child's ability to move around in the world, which includes crawling, walking, running, and other forms of physical movement. Gross motor skills and fine motor skills are more specific categories within the larger concept of locomotion. Dynamic motion is not a commonly used term in the field of child development.

Question 12

According to ____ systems theory, learning to walk involves many distinct skills that are organized and reorganized over time to meet specific goals.
A) ​teratogenic
B) ​dynamic
C) ​fluid
D) ​static

Accepted Answer

Dynamic systems theory proposes that motor development, such as learning to walk, is a complex and dynamic process that involves the interaction of multiple systems, including the musculoskeletal, neurological, and environmental systems. According to this theory, the development of walking involves the integration of many distinct skills (such as balance, coordination, and muscle strength), which are organized and reorganized over time to meet specific goals (such as walking on different surfaces or in different contexts). Therefore, the best answer is B: dynamic systems theory. The other options are not relevant to the question.

Question 13

Which BEST exemplifies experience-expectant growth?
A) ​The fact that all infants hear language sounds, which leads to language development.
B) ​The fact that eating high-fat foods leads to obesity.
C) ​The fact that abused children often experience depression.
D) ​The fact that by age two, most children are about three feet tall.

Accepted Answer

Experience-expectant growth refers to the normal process of brain development that occurs in response to basic, universal experiences such as visual and auditory stimuli. The fact that all infants hear language sounds and this leads to language development is a clear example of experience-expectant growth, as the brain expects to receive and process language input in order to develop language skills.

Question 14

With regard to the sense of smell of a newborn baby, which of the following statements is the MOST accurate?
A) ​Newborns are basically "nose-deaf," as their sinuses will not be completely clear of fluid from the pregnancy until several weeks after birth.
B) ​Newborns have a keen sense of smell, and can recognize familiar and comforting scents.
C) ​Newborns have a very rudimentary sense of smell suitable only to keep them from eating potentially poisonous substances.
D) ​A newborn's sense of smell is as sharp as that of an adult, but their lack of exposure to different odors is the reason why they don't "use" their smell sense very much.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that newborns have a highly developed sense of smell, and they can distinguish between various scents, including familiar and comforting aromas such as their mother's milk. While their sinuses may not be completely clear of fluid, it does not mean they are "nose-deaf." Additionally, although their sense of smell may not be as refined as an adult's due to lack of exposure, it is still highly functional. Therefore, option B is the most accurate statement about the sense of smell of a newborn baby.

Question 15

Which of the following is the MOST accurate statement regarding the "run" of a two-year-old child?
A) ​It should be discouraged, because the vast majority of pediatric bone fractures are a result of falls among toddlers.
B) ​It bears a strong resemblance to the run of a five- or six-year-old child.
C) ​It is almost fully developed as a complex action, with coordination of the arms, legs, and feet.
D) ​It is more of a "hurried walk" than a run, because their legs move stiffly and they do not get airborne.

Accepted Answer

The "run" of a two-year-old child is generally more of a "hurried walk" because of the stiffness in their legs and the fact that they do not fully lift off the ground. Option A is true but not the MOST accurate statement. Option B is incorrect as the run of a two-year-old is not as developed as a five- or six-year-old. Option C is also not the most accurate as while they may have some coordination, their run is not fully developed.

Question 16

____ is the process by which the brain receives, selects, modifies, and organizes incoming nerve impulses that are the result of physical stimulation.
A) ​Transduction
B) ​Sensation
C) ​Integration
D) ​Perception

Accepted Answer

Perception is the process by which the brain interprets and organizes sensory information, allowing us to understand and interact with our environment.

Question 17

If Tori is a proponent of dynamic systems theory, then you know that she is most interested in
A) ​the cerebral cortex.
B) ​balance and moving limbs.
C) ​language development.
D) ​temperament.

Accepted Answer

Dynamic systems theory focuses on the interaction between various systems of the body, such as the nervous system and musculoskeletal system, that contribute to motor development, including balance and limb movement. Therefore, Tori's interest in dynamic systems theory suggests a focus on motor development rather than the other options listed.

Question 18

Which of the following provides some evidence that there is, in fact, a genetic component to handedness?
A) ​Between monozygotic twins, the likelihood that both children have the same dominant hand is no greater than between fraternal twins or non-twin siblings.
B) ​As teachers have stopped encouraging children to use their right hands, the percentage of left-handed children has risen.
C) ​Societies have favored right-handed people in their design of common objects, such as scissors, can-openers, and school desks.
D) ​The part of the brain that controls handedness, the substantia nigra, develops more fully in right-handed children than in left-handed children.

Accepted Answer

B) indicates a change in the prevalence of left-handedness when external pressures (such as teaching practices) change, suggesting an underlying predisposition that can be expressed when not suppressed, hinting at a genetic component.

Question 19

A nursing one-month-old infant may grasp crudely at his mother's breast while feeding. That same child at the age of one year will probably easily hold a bottle or cup, placing it to his lips, and then putting it down when he is done. This change in ability to use the hands and fingers demonstrates advances in
A) ​gross motor skills
B) ​locomotion
C) ​fine motor skills
D) ​concrete operations

Accepted Answer

The ability to grasp and hold objects with increasing precision and control is a hallmark of fine motor skill development. A nursing one-month-old infant may grasp crudely while feeding, which is a gross motor skill. However, by the age of one year, the child can easily hold a bottle or cup, showing significant improvements in fine motor skills. The other options, such as locomotion and concrete operations, do not directly relate to changes in the ability to use hands and fingers.

Question 20

If you were to follow the advice of your authors, which of the following articles of clothing would you avoid giving to a two- or three-year-old child?
A) ​A pair of sneakers with Velcro closures
B) ​A button-down shirt
C) ​A pair of shorts with a zipper
D) ​A pair of sweatpants with a drawstring

Accepted Answer

According to the authors' advice, it is recommended to avoid giving a two- or three-year-old child a button-down shirt because it can be difficult for them to navigate the buttons on their own. The other options (sneakers with Velcro closures, shorts with a zipper, sweatpants with a drawstring) may be more manageable for young children.

Quiz 3: Tools for Exploring the World: Physical, Perceptual, and Motor Development in Infancy and Early Childhood.

With regard to handedness, which of the following statements is the MOST accurate?

By what age would you expect to see a child running with ease, effortlessly changing their speed and direction?

There are many jokes out there about the advantage that having opposable thumbs gives human beings over most animals. As your authors note, however, it is not until the age of ____ that children actually start to use their thumbs as part of the grasping process!

Based on the different components of dynamic systems theory, you should not expect a child to be able walk on their own, unsupported, until they reach the age of ____ months.

With regard to the specialization of children's brains, which of the following is NOT a relevant principle?

Distinguishing and mastering different motions is to as linking individual motions into a coherent, coordinated whole is to .

Felicia and Patty are thrilled that their baby daughter has recently learned to sit up by herself without assistance or support. According to your textbook, about how old is their daughter?

Studies of infant stepping behavior on a treadmill demonstrated that

You would think that balance is something that, once learned, you will have mastered for your entire life. In fact, however, balance must be relearned for sitting, crawling, walking, and other postures. Why is this?

Caleb is four months old. If he is like others his age, when he grasps a rattle, he will grasp it with

A child's ability to move around in the world is referred to as

According to ____ systems theory, learning to walk involves many distinct skills that are organized and reorganized over time to meet specific goals.

Which BEST exemplifies experience-expectant growth?

With regard to the sense of smell of a newborn baby, which of the following statements is the MOST accurate?

Which of the following is the MOST accurate statement regarding the "run" of a two-year-old child?

____ is the process by which the brain receives, selects, modifies, and organizes incoming nerve impulses that are the result of physical stimulation.

If Tori is a proponent of dynamic systems theory, then you know that she is most interested in

Which of the following provides some evidence that there is, in fact, a genetic component to handedness?

If you were to follow the advice of your authors, which of the following articles of clothing would you avoid giving to a two- or three-year-old child?