Question 1

Which child's vision would have most recently matched that of an adult with 20/20 vision?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which child's vision would have most recently...

Question 2

By about ____ months of age, different circuits in the brain begin to control infants' looking at faces, allowing infants to distinguish different faces..

Accepted Answer

By about 2-3 months of age, infants' brain circuits develop to allow them to start distinguishing different faces, as their visual and cognitive systems mature.

Question 3

A judgment of depth using motion parallax relies heavily on the apparent ____ of an object.

Accepted Answer

Motion parallax is a depth cue that involves the apparent relative speed of objects moving across the retina as you move. Objects closer to you move faster across your field of view than those further away.

Question 4

Imagine that you are standing on a pair of railroad tracks. As you look down at your feet, the tracks look a certain distance apart. As you lift your head and watch the tracks move away from you, they appear to get closer together until they converge at the farthest point. This bit of visual trickery is called

Accepted Answer

The visual trickery described is specifically the linear perspective, which is a depth cue that causes parallel lines to appear to converge as they recede into the distance.

Question 5

Wendell can tell that the trees on the mountain are very far away, because rather than being able to see individual trees and the spaces between them, he just perceives a big green patch. Which depth cue best describes this?

Accepted Answer

Texture gradient is the depth cue that describes how the texture of surfaces changes as they move farther away. In this scenario, the trees on the mountain form a texture gradient, appearing more tightly packed together and less distinct as they recede into the distance, resulting in the perception of a big green patch. Linear perspective refers to the convergence of parallel lines as they get farther away, visual expansion is the apparent increase in size of an object as it moves closer to the observer, and motion parallax is the shift in the relative position of objects as the observer moves.

Question 6

Which is considered a pictorial cue to depth?

Accepted Answer

Texture gradient refers to the fact that textures become smaller and closer together as they recede into the distance, and this can serve as a pictorial cue to depth perception. Visual expansion (A) refers to the way that objects appear to grow larger as they move closer to us, and is another important depth cue. Retinal disparity (C) and motion parallax (D) are also depth cues, but they are not considered pictorial cues as they rely on changes in the position of objects as we move or shift our gaze.

Question 7

In a visual cliff apparatus, what appears under the glass to provide visual information about depth to a child?

Accepted Answer

The visual cliff apparatus typically involves a transparent glass surface over a checkered pattern, which provides visual cues for depth perception. The child is then placed on the apparatus to see if they can differentiate between the shallow and deep sides. Choices A, B, and D are not typically used in the visual cliff apparatus.

Question 8

Mariposa just called out to her son Lou by saying his name to him. Lou just turned and looked in his mother's direction, demonstrating recognition of his own name. How old would you say that Lou must be?

Accepted Answer

By 4 to 5 months of age, infants typically begin to recognize their own names and respond to them by turning their heads or looking in the direction of the person calling them.

Question 9

If you are checking on a sleeping infant with another person and you want to say something to them without waking up the child, which type of voice would be the worst choice to speak in?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you are checking on a sleeping...

Question 10

____ cues are to motion as visual ____ is to an object filling more of one's retina

Accepted Answer

Kinetic cues are related to motion, while expansion is a visual cue that occurs when an object fills more of one's retina. The other options do not make sense in the context of the question.

Question 11

When an object gets closer to you, the image of that object projected onto your left and right retinas moves farther apart. Conversely, as an object moves farther away, the image on your retinas gets closer together. The ability to determine distance based on this change in retinal projection is called retinal ____.

Accepted Answer

The ability to determine distance based on the change in retinal projection is called retinal disparity. Therefore, choice B, "disparity," is the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are not related to the concept described in the question.

Question 12

With regard to the ability to see colors, newborns

Accepted Answer

Newborns can perceive a few colors, with a preference for high-contrast items and primary colors like red, but their color vision is not as developed as that of older children and adults.

Question 13

Dennis is sitting on a train and is looking at the mountains in the distance. He suddenly becomes aware that the trees and signs that are very close to the tracks look as if they are moving by far more rapidly than the mountains that are several miles away. Those mountains look as if they are just crawling by. Dennis is currently using ____ to determine the distance of what he is seeing.

Accepted Answer

Dennis is using motion parallax to determine the distance of what he is seeing. This is because motion parallax is the perceived difference in the speed and direction of movement between objects that are close to the observer compared to those that are further away. In this case, the trees and signs close to the tracks appear to be moving rapidly, while the mountains in the distance appear to be moving slowly. This gives the viewer a sense of depth and distance in the scene.

Question 14

Jimmy is only three days old, but he is making a high-pitched cry, is moving his arms and legs back and forth, and has an elevated heart rate. It is likely that Jimmy is currently

Accepted Answer

Jimmy's high-pitched cry and elevated heart rate suggest that he is in pain. Moving his arms and legs back and forth could also indicate discomfort. It is important to investigate the cause of the pain and provide appropriate care.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of intersensory redundancy?

Accepted Answer

Intersensory redundancy refers to the use of multiple senses to convey the same information. Singing "Pat-a-cake" while also clapping the child's hands provides both auditory and visual information about the action, making it an example of intersensory redundancy.

Question 16

Which of the following represents your authors' position regarding the visual system of a newborn?

Accepted Answer

The author's position is that the visual system of a newborn is relatively well-developed at birth. This is supported by evidence that newborns prefer to look at faces, are able to track moving objects, and can discriminate between different patterns and levels of contrast. However, their visual acuity is not as sharp as an adult's and they may have difficulty with fine details and distant objects.

Question 17

What is an example of intersensory redundancy?

Accepted Answer

Intersensory redundancy refers to the overlap of information across different senses, enhancing the perception of a particular stimulus. In option B, the child is using both visual (observing mother's expressions) and auditory (listening to mother scold) information to perceive the same stimulus (mother's disapproval). This redundancy enhances the child's understanding and perception of the situation.

Question 18

Marcus wants to know whether or not his daughter, Rebekah, can perceive different distances and depths. He wants to fashion a simple experiment to make this conclusion. Based on the work of Gibson and Walk, what sort of contraption could he build to test Rebekah's depth perception?

Accepted Answer

The visual cliff is a classic experiment used to test an infant's depth perception. It involves a shallow and deep side of a platform covered in glass. Infants who have acquired depth perception will avoid stepping off the deep side, while infants who have not yet developed depth perception will step off the platform regardless of depth. This experiment can also be adapted for older children like Rebekah.

Question 19

Tavon is eating something, and he puts some of it on his fingertip and puts it to the lips of his 2-week old son, Tray. Tray responds by licking his lips, sucking on Tavon's fingertip vigorously, and smiling. It is most likely that Tavon gave Tray something ____ to taste.

Accepted Answer

It is unlikely that a 2-week old infant would respond positively to bitter or sour flavors, and spicy hot flavors are not suitable for infants. Sweet flavors, on the other hand, are appealing to infants and can elicit positive responses such as licking lips and smiling.

Question 20

Cher offers her 10-day-old daughter, Chastity, a taste of some juice she is drinking. Based on the fact that Chastity makes a terrible face when she tastes the juice, you would suspect that it was

Accepted Answer

Infants do not have a developed taste for sour flavors, and they may make a face or spit out the sour liquid. Therefore, Cher's daughter Chastity may have made a terrible face because the juice was sour.

Quiz 3: Tools for Exploring the World: Physical, Perceptual, and Motor Development in Infancy and Early Childhood.