Question 1

Which of the following really underlies the theme of intersensory redundancy?
A) ​Any time there are multiple senses being stimulated at one time, it is necessary to selectively attend to the most important sensory system, which is vision.
B) ​Coordination of sights and sounds is the only real dual-sensory input that requires real attention.
C) ​Paying attention to stimuli that are redundant overuse different parts of the brain, so only focus on one of the two stimuli.
D) ​Any information that's presented in multiple senses must be important, so pay attention to it.

Accepted Answer

The theme of intersensory redundancy suggests that when information is presented through multiple sensory modalities (e.g., sight and sound), it is perceived as more important and thus garners more attention. This concept is based on the idea that redundant information across different senses reinforces the learning or perception of that information.

Question 2

Jason is looking around the living room for his car keys and says out loud, "Where are my keys?" His one-year old son, Eli, is sitting in his high-chair eating graham crackers, and watching Jason struggle to find the keys. Which of the following statements BEST describes Eli's perception of this search?
A) ​There is no way that research in child cognition can draw any conclusions about the thought processes of children this young.
B) ​Eli is not at all aware of what is going on, but is stimulated by the sights and sounds of his father.
C) ​Eli understands that Jason's actions are related to the goal of finding something.
D) ​Eli thinks that Jason is looking for graham crackers and will probably offer Jason his.

Accepted Answer

Research in child cognition suggests that even infants have a basic understanding of goal-directed behavior. Eli's observation of Jason's search for keys may not be linked to an understanding of keys, but he can perceive Jason's actions as goal-directed. Thus, Eli would likely understand that Jason is looking for something, even if he cannot identify what it is.

Question 3

According to your textbook, which of the following themes do infants have the ability to attribute to people's behaviors?
A) ​deceptiveness
B) ​conceptuality
C) ​intentionality
D) ​awareness

Accepted Answer

Infants have the ability to attribute intentionality to people's behaviors, meaning they can recognize that people act with a purpose or goal in mind.

Question 4

Lucille is being tested to determine her ability to distinguish what she thinks from what she sees. She is shown an adult reaching for a ball that is in a basket and not in a box, but then watches as the ball is removed from the basket while the adult is not looking. When the adult reaches for the ball again, Lucille expects the adult to reach into the basket. This awareness of the adult's beliefs about the location of the ball suggests the Lucille is at least ____ years of age.
A) ​two
B) ​three
C) ​four
D) ​five

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes a test of theory of mind, specifically the false belief task, which most children are able to understand by the age of three. This indicates that Lucille understands that the adult believes the ball is still in the basket, even though she knows it is not.

Question 5

By what age will children begin to understand and distinguish the physical world from the mental world?
A) ​two years
B) ​three years
C) ​four years
D) ​five years

Accepted Answer

The answer of By what age will children begin to...

Question 6

All EXCEPT which of the following can be used to demonstrate the existence of a self-concept in children?
A) ​the use of personal pronouns such as "I" and "me"
B) ​awareness of their own age
C) ​awareness of their own gender
D) ​awareness of their own parents and siblings

Accepted Answer

Awareness of their own parents and siblings is not necessarily indicative of a self-concept. The use of personal pronouns, awareness of age, and awareness of gender are all ways in which children demonstrate an understanding of themselves as individuals with unique characteristics and qualities.

Question 7

Because children with autism spectrum disorders tend to master false belief tasks very slowly, researchers have speculated that an absence of ____ is the primary component of these conditions.
A) ​dynamic systems
B) ​cognitive parallax
C) ​perceptual determinism
D) ​a theory of mind

Accepted Answer

The ability to understand that other people have beliefs, desires, and intentions that may differ from our own is known as having a "theory of mind". Children with autism spectrum disorders often have difficulty with this, and as a result, struggle to master false belief tasks. Therefore, an absence of a theory of mind is believed to be a primary component of these conditions.

Question 8

Your authors note that the various components of a young child's self-concept typically share a common feature. What is it?
A) ​The features are all observable and concrete.
B) ​The features are all unchanging and static.
C) ​The features are all internal and private.
D) ​The features are all dynamic and shifting.

Accepted Answer

The components of a young child's self-concept are typically observable and concrete, focusing on tangible characteristics such as physical attributes and abilities, rather than abstract qualities.

Question 9

Between the ages of two and five, children develop a theory of ____, which refers to a naïve understanding of the relationship between thoughts and behaviors.​
A) ​duplicity
B) ​formality
C) ​concepts
D) ​mind

Accepted Answer

During the ages of two to five, children develop a theory of mind which is the understanding that people have mental states such as beliefs, desires, and intentions that guide their behavior. This theory of mind allows them to have a better understanding of other people's perspectives and actions.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT currently used to help children with autism spectrum disorders lead satisfying and productive lives?
A) ​providing appropriate treatments
B) ​using certain medications
C) ​providing supportive, responsive environments
D) ​early-life institutionalization

Accepted Answer

Early-life institutionalization is not a productive method to help children with autism spectrum disorders. It may cause social and behavioral problems and limit the child's developmental potential. Instead, appropriate treatments, medications, and supportive, responsive environments are used to help children with autism lead satisfying and productive lives.

Question 11

Which of the following tools is an indirect method of testing a baby's awareness of his/her own existence?
A) ​a toothbrush
B) a mirror​
C) ​a plush doll
D) ​a pacifier

Accepted Answer

A mirror allows a baby to see their own reflection and potentially realize that it is their own reflection, indicating an awareness of self. The other options (toothbrush, plush doll, pacifier) do not directly relate to testing a baby's awareness of their own existence.

Question 12

Xavier wants to see if his daughter knows that she exists. While he is wiping her face, he puts a red dot on her nose and then shows her own reflection in a mirror. At what age would we expect her to reach up and touch her own nose instead of reaching for the nose in the reflection?
A) ​8 months
B) ​10 months
C) ​12 months
D) ​15 months

Accepted Answer

Most children begin to show signs of self-recognition, such as touching a mark on their own body after seeing it in a mirror, around 15 to 24 months of age. This is a developmental milestone indicating they can differentiate between themselves and others visually.

Question 13

Between the ages of ____, children develop a theory of mind, which refers to a naïve understanding of the relationship between thoughts and behaviors.
A) ​6 and 12 months
B) ​12 and 18 months
C) ​1 and 2 years
D) ​2 and 5 years

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children between the ages of 2 and 5 develop a theory of mind, which allows them to understand that others may have beliefs, desires, and intentions that differ from their own.

Question 14

Jeffrey is a three-year-old who is beginning to make connections between people's thoughts, intentions, and behaviors. According to Wellman (2002), Jeffrey is developing
A) ​a theory of mind.
B) ​a temperament.
C) ​motor skills.
D) ​retinal disparity.

Accepted Answer

Jeffrey's ability to make connections between people's thoughts, intentions, and behaviors indicates that he is developing a theory of mind. This means that he is beginning to understand that others have mental states that influence their behavior, and he can use this information to predict and explain their actions.

Question 15

All EXCEPT which of the following would you expect a child to list when you asked them to describe themselves?
A) ​their physical characteristics
B) ​their possessions
C) ​their religious beliefs
D) ​their preferences

Accepted Answer

Children may not necessarily have strong religious beliefs or may not fully understand them, so it is less likely to be included in their self-description. Physical characteristics, possessions, and preferences are all common elements that children may use to define themselves.

Question 16

The symptoms of autism spectrum disorders usually emerge by which age?
A) ​3-6 months
B) ​6-12 months
C) ​12-18 months
D) ​18-24 months

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of autism spectrum disorders usually emerge by 18-24 months. However, in some cases, they can be detected as early as 12 months. It is important for early detection and intervention to improve outcomes for individuals with autism.

Question 17

Some scientists believe that the development of language skills, especially ____ words, is essential in the development of a child's theory of mind.
A) ​mental state
B) ​intentionality
C) ​self-descriptive
D) ​other-descriptive

Accepted Answer

Mental state words help children understand and predict the thoughts and feelings of others, which is crucial for developing a theory of mind.

Question 18

Xavier wants to see if his daughter knows that she exists. While he is wiping her face, he puts a red dot on her nose and then shows her own reflection in a mirror. If she is aware of her own existence, what would we expect her to do when she sees her red nose?
A) ​Reach up and touch her own nose.
B) ​Reach out and touch the nose in the reflection.
C) ​Look up at her Xavier and smile.
D) ​Look away from the ugly red dot on her nose.

Accepted Answer

If the daughter is aware of her own existence, she will recognize the red dot on her nose, associate it with the sensation of touch, and reach up to touch her own nose. Option B is less likely because it requires her to understand the concept of reflection and realize that the nose in the mirror is the same as hers. Option C is not related to self-awareness, and option D suggests that she is ignoring the stimulus on her nose, which is not a sign of self-awareness.

Question 19

According to your textbook, approximately one in every ____ children born in the United States will one day be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.
A) ​100-200
B) ​200-300
C) ​400-500
D) ​800-1000

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, approximately one in every 200-300 children born in the United States will one day be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.

Question 20

At about the age of four, children begin to realize that a person's actions are often connected to the thoughts that he or she has. What kind of study is often used to determine when children grasp this concept?
A) ​intersensory redundancy tasks
B) ​synaptic pruning tasks
C) ​dynamic systems theory tasks
D) ​false-belief tasks

Accepted Answer

False-belief tasks are often used to determine when children grasp the concept that a person's actions can be based on thoughts that do not reflect reality. This involves testing their understanding of a person's "false beliefs" about a situation, which requires some level of understanding that different people can have different thoughts or beliefs.

Quiz 3: Tools for Exploring the World: Physical, Perceptual, and Motor Development in Infancy and Early Childhood.

Which of the following really underlies the theme of intersensory redundancy?

According to your textbook, which of the following themes do infants have the ability to attribute to people's behaviors?

By what age will children begin to understand and distinguish the physical world from the mental world?

All EXCEPT which of the following can be used to demonstrate the existence of a self-concept in children?

Because children with autism spectrum disorders tend to master false belief tasks very slowly, researchers have speculated that an absence of ____ is the primary component of these conditions.

Your authors note that the various components of a young child's self-concept typically share a common feature. What is it?

Between the ages of two and five, children develop a theory of ____, which refers to a naïve understanding of the relationship between thoughts and behaviors.

Which of the following is NOT currently used to help children with autism spectrum disorders lead satisfying and productive lives?

Which of the following tools is an indirect method of testing a baby's awareness of his/her own existence?

Xavier wants to see if his daughter knows that she exists. While he is wiping her face, he puts a red dot on her nose and then shows her own reflection in a mirror. At what age would we expect her to reach up and touch her own nose instead of reaching for the nose in the reflection?

Between the ages of ____, children develop a theory of mind, which refers to a naïve understanding of the relationship between thoughts and behaviors.

Jeffrey is a three-year-old who is beginning to make connections between people's thoughts, intentions, and behaviors. According to Wellman (2002) , Jeffrey is developing

All EXCEPT which of the following would you expect a child to list when you asked them to describe themselves?

The symptoms of autism spectrum disorders usually emerge by which age?

Some scientists believe that the development of language skills, especially ____ words, is essential in the development of a child's theory of mind.

Xavier wants to see if his daughter knows that she exists. While he is wiping her face, he puts a red dot on her nose and then shows her own reflection in a mirror. If she is aware of her own existence, what would we expect her to do when she sees her red nose?

According to your textbook, approximately one in every ____ children born in the United States will one day be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.

At about the age of four, children begin to realize that a person's actions are often connected to the thoughts that he or she has. What kind of study is often used to determine when children grasp this concept?