According to Argyris & Schön (in the textbook's HR framework), leaders often say one thing and do another. That is, there is a difference between espoused theories and theories-in-use. Why does this difference exist?
A) Leaders don't want to give their employees full information.
B) Leaders always tend to describe their actions in positive terms.
C) Leaders want to consciously inspire and encourage their employees by communicating positive images.
D) Leaders can never be fully aware of their theories-in-use and actions.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The difference between espoused theories and theories-in-use exists because leaders may not be fully aware of their own theories-in-use and actions. Espoused theories are the goals and values that leaders articulate to others, while theories-in-use refer to the actions and underlying beliefs that actually guide behavior. Often, leaders may advocate for certain values and beliefs but may not always act in accordance with those values and beliefs, and may not even be fully conscious of the disconnect. This can be due to a variety of factors, such as cognitive biases or blind spots.

According to Argyris & Schön (In the Textbook's HR Framework)