Employer X rates a Black manager and a White manager both as "excellent" on a performance measure. According to the shifting standards model

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According to the shifting standards model, the White manager is more likely to be promoted because their performance exceeded expectations on an objective basis. This model suggests that individual performance evaluations are influenced by a comparison to a group, and in this case, the performance of the White manager exceeded the expected standards for their racial group. Therefore, they are more likely to be promoted over the Black manager who may have performed equally as well but did not exceed expectations on an objective basis due to their racial group.

Employer X Rates a Black Manager and a White Manager