Question 1

Taking Responsibility is ________.

Accepted Answer

"Taking Responsibility" refers to two different things - a committee that produced "Cutting Crime: Case for Justice Reinvestment" and a response to concerns raised in the House of Commons by England's Justice Committee. Therefore, both options A and C are correct.

Question 2

The focus of restorative justice is on what ________.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice focuses on healing harm caused by crime, repairing relationships that were damaged, and helping individuals learn from their mistakes. Therefore, all choices - A) needs to be healed, B) needs to be repaired, and C) needs to be learned - are correct.

Question 3

Indigenous youth represent about 8 per cent of the Canadian youth population but they represent approximately ________ per cent of the correctional population.

Accepted Answer

Indigenous youth represent approximately 46 per cent of the correctional population, which is a disproportionately high number compared to their representation in the general youth population.

Question 4

Following provincial and territorial consultation, a federal report, Transforming Canada's Criminal Justice System (2018), suggested all except for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The federal report suggested all options except for increasing the use of police arrest as a deterrent.

Question 5

A recent evaluation in Alameda County, California, of a community based restorative justice program found restorative justice ________.

Accepted Answer

The evaluation found that the community based restorative justice program reduced recidivism, reduced costs, reduced court pressure, and increased victim satisfaction. Therefore, all of the options listed (A, B, C, and D) are correct.

Question 6

Restorative justice remains at the margins of the justice system in Canada compared to developents in other countries.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice has gained more prominence in the justice systems of countries like New Zealand and Norway, while Canada still primarily relies on traditional punitive approaches to justice. However, there have been some efforts to integrate restorative justice practices into the Canadian justice system in recent years.

Question 7

The YJCA opens the door to the development of initiatives generally associated with restorative justice.

Accepted Answer

The YJCA (Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act) does open the door to the development of initiatives generally associated with restorative justice, such as victim-offender mediation and conferencing.

Question 8

With the implementation of the requirement in the YCJA that extrajudicial measures, including restorative justice initiatives, be considered, there has been a decline in young persons charged by police.

Accepted Answer

The implementation of the requirement in the YCJA that extrajudicial measures, including restorative justice initiatives, be considered, has been shown to lead to a decline in young persons charged by police.

Question 9

The YCJA makes the use of these extrajudicial measures mandatory in cases where restorative justice is deemed appropriate.

Accepted Answer

The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) encourages the use of extrajudicial measures in appropriate cases but does not make them mandatory, allowing for discretion based on the specifics of each case.

Question 10

Data collected by Fraser Valley Community Justice Initiatives (FVCJI) between 2002 and 2004 on the use of VORPS involving young offenders provided remarkable evidence of VORP's effective in making youth accountable to the community.

Accepted Answer

The statement presents a factual claim supported by data collected by Fraser Valley Community Justice Initiatives.

Question 11

Because of its proven success, the use of VORP's with young offenders was expanded in British Columbia after 2004.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because of its proven success, the use...

Question 12

There has been little effort made in Canada to collect systemic data on the use of VORPs across the country.

Accepted Answer

While there have been some studies and evaluations of specific VORPs in Canada, there has been no comprehensive effort to collect systemic data on their use nationwide.

Question 13

The influence of VORP has been restricted to North America.

Accepted Answer

VORP, or Value Over Replacement Player, is a statistic used in sports analytics worldwide, not just in North America, to evaluate a player's contribution to their team compared to a replacement-level player.

Question 14

The sentencing circle itself is not a traditional practice of Indigenous peoples in Canada.

Accepted Answer

The sentencing circle is a modern practice that was developed in Canada in the 1990s as a way to incorporate Indigenous values and principles into the criminal justice system.

Question 15

The use of sentencing circles facilitated or co-facilitated by judges was adopted in British Colmbia in 2002.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of sentencing circles facilitated or...

Question 16

A randomized control study of family group conferencing showed that victims benefit through increased satisfaction in the outcome and feelings of safety, and decreased likelihood of revenge.

Accepted Answer

The randomized control study found that victims benefit from family group conferencing through increased satisfaction in the outcome and feelings of safety, as well as a decreased likelihood of revenge.

Question 17

In British Columbia, the provincial government Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General is responsible for implementing restorative justice programs.

Accepted Answer

The Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General in British Columbia is responsible for implementing restorative justice programs.

Question 18

According to recent estimates, in Australia only between 2 and 4 per cent of police interventions involving young people result in a referral to a youth justice conference.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true; recent estimates suggest that only 2 to 4% of police interventions with young people in Australia result in a referral to a youth justice conference.

Question 19

According to the Australian criminologists Cunneen and Hoyle, restorative justice has failed indigenous youth in Australia.

Accepted Answer

The Australian criminologists Cunneen and Hoyle have argued that restorative justice has failed to address the underlying structural issues that contribute to the over-representation of indigenous youth in the criminal justice system in Australia, and therefore has not been effective in reducing offending or improving outcomes for this population.

Question 20

ROCA is an organization based in Chelsea, England, that has led in the development of a complementary institutions strategy.

Accepted Answer

ROCA is not an organization based in Chelsea, England. It does not exist. Therefore, it cannot have led in the development of a complementary institutions strategy.

Quiz 16: Juvenile Justice and Restorative Justice in British Columbia: Learning Through the Lens of Community Praxis