Question 1

Quota sampling is most similar to what other type of sampling method?

Accepted Answer

Quota sampling is most similar to convenience sampling because both methods involve selecting samples based on ease of access and availability, rather than random selection.

Question 2

Dr. Eller is simultaneously collecting and analyzing data in his study. What type of sampling is he using?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Eller is using theoretical sampling, which involves collecting and analyzing data simultaneously and using the analysis to determine which participants or cases to select next. This type of sampling is commonly used in qualitative research, particularly in grounded theory methodology.

Question 3

Which of the following is not true about sampling error?

Accepted Answer

Sampling error can be reduced with a well-crafted probability sample, but it cannot be completely eliminated. All samples, by nature, have some degree of error because they are subsets of a population, not the entire population itself.

Question 4

Which of the following represents Schieman and Narisada's concern about non-response bias in their study of Canadian workers?

Accepted Answer

Schieman and Narisada were concerned about non-response bias, which refers to the potential of missing data from participants who did not respond to the survey. In this case, they were concerned that people who experienced conflicts between family and work might not be in the workforce and therefore would not be represented in their study.

Question 5

When sample participants differ from non-participants in meaningful ways, this can cause ____________.

Accepted Answer

Non-response bias occurs when those who choose not to participate in a survey or study differ significantly from those who do participate. This can lead to biased results and affect the overall validity of the study. Low response rates may be a symptom of non-response bias but are not the cause. Validity and periodicity are not directly related to the issue of non-response bias.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a way to reduce response bias?

Accepted Answer

Random sample selection is a method to ensure a representative sample, not specifically to reduce response bias.

Question 7

What decreases when sample size increases?

Accepted Answer

Sampling error decreases when sample size increases. This is because a larger sample size reduces the impact of random variation and increases the representativeness of the sample, leading to a more accurate estimate of the population parameter being measured.

Question 8

If a population has a great deal of heterogeneity, ____________.

Accepted Answer

When a population has a great deal of heterogeneity, it means that there is a lot of variation within the population. This increases the likelihood of sampling error, meaning that the sample may not accurately represent the population. To reduce this sampling error, a larger sample size should be used. Therefore, the larger the sample size should be is the best option.

Question 9

Dr. Kelly selected a representative sample of Black Lives Matter protesters in Minneapolis for his study about racial activism. Can his findings be generalized to other BLM protesters in other cities?

Accepted Answer

Even though Dr. Kelly's sample was representative for Minneapolis, it is not necessarily representative of BLM protesters in other cities. Each city has its unique context, demographic, and socio-political climate, which may affect the motivations and actions of BLM protesters in different ways. Therefore, generalizing the findings to other BLM protests in other cities may not be appropriate.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a factor for researchers to keep in mind when developing a sampling strategy?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring there are no sampling errors is not a factor researchers need to keep in mind when developing a sampling strategy, because it is impossible to completely eliminate all sampling errors. Instead, researchers should aim to minimize sampling errors as much as possible through careful planning and execution of their sampling strategy. The other options, considering the ultimate goals, ensuring the sample represents the population, and considering challenges, are all important factors for researchers to keep in mind when developing a sampling strategy.

Question 11

Because researchers can't study all the cases in a sample, they study the cases in a population instead.

Accepted Answer

A sample is a subset of the larger population.

Question 12

Sampling impacts all aspects of the research process.

Accepted Answer

The strategy used determines what information will be gathered and impacts how results are interpreted.

Question 13

Elements could include individuals, nations, cities, media sources, or schools.

Accepted Answer

Elements are single cases in a population that are being studied by the researcher.

Question 14

If you wanted to study a sample of students at your university about their feelings about parking, distributing surveys in your classes would be an effective sampling strategy.

Accepted Answer

This strategy could incorporate bias and be non-representative since your classes may not represent the wider population.

Question 15

Though the U.S. Census is an attempt to collect data from each household, there are issues with how data is collected from some groups.

Accepted Answer

There is some lack of accuracy with the race categories and limits in what we can learn about the LGBTQIA2S+ population.

Question 16

When each unit in the population has a known and equal probability of being selected into a sample, this is called sampling.

Accepted Answer

It is called probability sampling.

Question 17

A sampling frame reduces the likelihood of sampling error.

Accepted Answer

The sampling frame is an accurate list of population numbers. It is required for probability sampling but it doesn't' guarantee there will be less sampling error.

Question 18

The difference between the characteristics of a random sample and the population it comes from is called sampling error.

Accepted Answer

Sampling error definition

Question 19

Choosing who will be in your sample by flipping a coin for each element (head's they are in, tails they aren't) is an example of a simple random sample.

Accepted Answer

This is a type of simple random sampling though not often used.

Question 20

When determining the sampling interval in systematic random sample (or the n^thvalue), researchers divide the population size by the desired sample size.

Accepted Answer

Sample size/Population Size = n

Quiz 4: How Do Researchers Select the People, Places, and Things to Study Sampling