Question 1

If Krystal is like 21 percent of U.S. students, by twelfth grade she will __________.

Accepted Answer

According to the statement, Krystal is like 21 percent of students who have tried at least one highly addictive and toxic substance. Therefore, option C is the best choice. The other options are not supported by the given information.

Question 2

Compared with adult mothers, adolescent mothers __________.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that adolescent mothers tend to perceive their babies as more difficult and less predictable than adult mothers do. This perception may be due to a lack of experience and knowledge about infant development, as well as increased stressors such as financial instability and lack of social support. However, it is important to note that not all adolescent mothers have negative perceptions of their infants, and many are able to form positive and nurturing relationships with their babies.

Question 3

Adolescents presented with Piaget's famous pendulum problem __________.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents in the formal operational stage, as described by Piaget, are capable of isolating and testing variables systematically, including testing variables in combination, which is necessary to solve the pendulum problem effectively.

Question 4

School and community programs that reduce drug experimentation __________.

Accepted Answer

School and community programs aimed at reducing drug experimentation typically focus on teaching skills for resisting peer pressure to experiment with drugs. This helps individuals build the confidence and ability to say no to drug use. Programs that increase the social acceptability of drug taking are more likely to have high relapse rates, rather than low ones. Additionally, both parents and families are typically involved in these programs, not just students and teachers.

Question 5

Sex education __________.

Accepted Answer

Sex education must go beyond simply providing factual information and must help teenagers make informed decisions about their sexual behavior. This requires helping them bridge the gap between what they know and what they actually do. Option A is incorrect as sex education should not encourage early sex, but rather provide information about possible consequences and alternatives to sex. Option B is also incorrect as teenage pregnancy rates are not solely dependent on the duration of sex education but rather on the comprehensive approach taken. Option C is also incorrect as simply cataloguing facts may not lead to delayed initiation of sexual activity.

Question 6

Adolescent drug experimentation __________.

Accepted Answer

Adolescent drug experimentation should never be taken lightly since even a single heavy dose can lead to permanent injury or death. It is crucial to educate teenagers on the risks associated with drug use, and to provide support for those who have already experimented with drugs.

Question 7

Which statement about adolescent mothers is true?

Accepted Answer

According to research, only a small percentage of adolescent mothers give up their infants for adoption. This may be due to a variety of factors, including lack of knowledge about adoption options, social stigma, and cultural attitudes towards parenting.

Question 8

In adolescence, __________.

Accepted Answer

In adolescence, inhibition improves, meaning that individuals become better at controlling their impulses and making decisions based on long-term goals rather than immediate desires. Attention can actually become more selective during this time as individuals become more adept at filtering out distractions and focusing on relevant information. Strategies may also become more effective as teens gain more experience and develop new problem-solving skills. Metacognition, or the ability to think about one's own thinking, actually broadens in adolescence, allowing individuals to reflect more deeply on their own thoughts and behaviors. However, this process can be influenced by factors such as stress, anxiety, or depression, which can lead to a narrowing of focus and less effective metacognitive abilities.

Question 9

Which child is the most likely to evaluate the logic of statements only by considering them against concrete evidence in the real world?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children in the concrete operational stage (ages 7-11) are able to think logically about concrete events and can use inductive reasoning to draw conclusions from specific examples. Therefore, Wiley at age 9 is the most likely to evaluate the logic of statements by considering them against concrete evidence in the real world.

Question 10

The ability to distinguish theory from evidence and use logical rules to examine their relationship __________.

Accepted Answer

The ability to distinguish theory from evidence and use logical rules to examine their relationship improves steadily from childhood into adolescence. Research shows that children's ability to reason logically and distinguish between evidence and theory improves with age and experience. By adolescence, they develop more sophisticated reasoning skills, and their ability to think logically about abstract concepts continues to improve throughout the adolescent years.

Question 11

In an Israeli study of seventh to ninth graders, after controlling for participants' age, researchers found that __________ fully accounted for early adolescent gains in propositional thought.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an Israeli study of seventh to...

Question 12

When faced with a propositional reasoning problem, 17-year-old Iris is likely to __________.

Accepted Answer

At the age of 17, individuals are typically in the formal operational stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget's theory. This stage is characterized by the ability to think abstractly and to reason logically, including justifying reasoning based on logical rules rather than on concrete objects, personal experiences, or beliefs that contradict reality.

Question 13

Occasional drug experimenters are __________.

Accepted Answer

Occasional drug experimenters are usually psychologically healthy, sociable, curious young people. They may be motivated by a desire for new experiences or to fit in with their peer group, rather than any underlying psychological or behavioral problems.

Question 14

Kia, age 14, uses hypothetico-deductive reasoning. Therefore, when faced with a problem, Kia probably __________.

Accepted Answer

Hypothetico-deductive reasoning involves starting with a hypothesis and then deducing logical, testable inferences from it. This process allows for the exploration of different possibilities and the testing of predictions to confirm or disprove the hypothesis. This approach requires the ability to think critically and consider alternatives, which suggests that Kia is capable of this type of reasoning. The other options do not align with the characteristics of hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

Question 15

Adolescents who reach the formal operational stage of cognitive development __________.

Accepted Answer

The formal operational stage is characterized by the ability to think abstractly and hypothetically, meaning that adolescents can think beyond the concrete and observable world. Therefore, option C is the correct choice. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the abilities of individuals in the formal operational stage.

Question 16

According to the most recent nationally representative survey of U.S. high school students, 47 percent of tenth graders have tried __________.

Accepted Answer

The most recent nationally representative surveys, such as the Monitoring the Future survey, typically find that alcohol (drinking) is the most commonly tried substance among U.S. high school students, including tenth graders.

Question 17

With respect to propositional thought in an entirely verbal mode, young children have great difficulty reasoning from premises that contradict reality or their own beliefs because they __________.

Accepted Answer

Young children struggle with propositional thought that contradicts reality or their beliefs primarily because they fail to grasp the logical necessity of propositional reasoning. This means they have difficulty understanding that conclusions must follow from premises based on logical rules, regardless of whether those premises match real-world facts or their personal beliefs.

Question 18

Which statement is supported by follow-up research on formal operational thought?

Accepted Answer

Follow-up research on formal operational thought supports the idea that school-age children have the ability for hypothetico-deductive reasoning, but they are less competent at it than adolescents.

Question 19

According to Piaget, 12-year-old Bula __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Piaget, 12-year-old Bula __________.
...

Question 20

In Canada and Western Europe, where community- and school-based clinics offer adolescents contraceptives and where universal health insurance helps pay for them, __________ than in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Access to contraceptives through community- and school-based clinics and universal health insurance coverage have been shown to significantly reduce rates of unintended teenage pregnancy, childbirth, and abortion in Canada and Western Europe compared to the United States. This is because adolescents have greater access to and education about contraception, leading to more effective use and fewer unintended pregnancies.

Quiz 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence