Question 1

The immune response is the combined work of specialized cells that neutralize or destroy __________ in the body.

Accepted Answer

The immune system's specialized cells work to neutralize or destroy antigens, which are foreign substances in the body that can cause an immune response. T cells and B cells are types of immune cells that are involved in identifying and responding to antigens, but they do not neutralize or destroy antigens on their own. Telomeres are protective caps on the ends of chromosomes and are not involved in the immune response.

Question 2

T cells __________.

Accepted Answer

T cells directly attack foreign substances, such as viruses, by recognizing and binding to specific antigens on the surface of the foreign cell. T cells can also activate and coordinate other immune cells to fight against the foreign invasion. T cells do not secrete antibodies and are not neutralized or destroyed during the immune response. T cells, along with B cells, can stimulate production of antibodies, but they do not release them directly.

Question 3

Atherosclerosis typically develops __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Atherosclerosis typically develops __________.
...

Question 4

What was discovered when the mean ages for best performance of Olympic and professional athletes in a variety of sports were charted over time?

Accepted Answer

Absolute performance in most events improved over time due to advancements in training, nutrition, and technology.

Question 5

Yao is 45 years old. How has the maximum vital capacity of his lungs changed from when he was 25?

Accepted Answer

The maximum vital capacity of the lungs tends to decrease with age, and on average it decreases by about 20-30 percent from age 25 to age 45. Therefore, option B is the best choice as it states that Yao's maximum vital capacity has decreased by about 20 percent since he was 25.

Question 6

To study the impact of biological aging on motor skills, researchers focus on __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To study the impact of biological aging...

Question 7

Which statement about the relationships among income, education, occupational status, and health in the United States is true?

Accepted Answer

Research consistently shows that income, education, and occupational status are strong predictors of health outcomes and disease prevalence in the United States. These relationships persist throughout the lifespan and across various health indicators. Improving socioeconomic conditions could help close ethnic gaps in health, and there is evidence that SES accounts for the white health advantage. Variations in health and mortality due to SES are larger in the United States than in other industrialized nations, and poor U.S. families are not financially better off compared to other nations. SES groups in the United States also experience significant inequalities in environmental factors that affect health, such as housing, pollution, and education.

Question 8

Cesar has a body mass index (BMI) of 27. Cesar is __________.

Accepted Answer

A BMI of 27 falls within the category of overweight but not yet obese, according to the BMI categories.

Question 9

Darlene has heavy deposits of plaque containing cholesterol and fats collected on the walls of her main arteries. Darlene has __________.

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque containing cholesterol and other fats in the walls of the arteries. Hypertension is high blood pressure, osteoporosis is a condition of weak bones, and arrhythmia is an irregular heartbeat. None of these conditions specifically involve plaque buildup in the arteries.

Question 10

Which athlete's skills will probably peak latest in life?

Accepted Answer

Long-distance runners typically peak later in life compared to sprinters, tennis players, and high jumpers. This is because endurance and aerobic capacity take longer to develop and typically decline later in life.

Question 11

__________ secrete antibodies into the bloodstream that multiply, capture foreign substances, and permit the blood system to destroy them.

Accepted Answer

B cells are specialized white blood cells that secrete antibodies into the blood. The antibodies then bind to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, in order to allow the immune system to destroy them. T cells are another type of white blood cell, but they primarily function by directly attacking infected or abnormal cells in the body. Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at the end of chromosomes that help protect them during cell division. Antigens are foreign substances that can trigger an immune response.

Question 12

Vivica, who is African American, and Jolene, who is European American, are both active and eat healthy foods. Which statement is true about their risk of hypertension and heart disease as they age?

Accepted Answer

While both individuals may have a lower risk of hypertension and heart disease due to their healthy lifestyle, African Americans have a higher risk of hypertension and heart disease than European Americans. This is likely due to factors such as genetics, environmental factors, and social determinants of health. Therefore, Vivica still has a higher risk of hypertension and heart disease than Jolene.

Question 13

Most Americans eat __________.

Accepted Answer

Most Americans eat based on habits or social cues, such as feeling like it or because it is time to do so, rather than strictly for nutritional needs or guidelines.

Question 14

Which adult is the most likely to be obese?

Accepted Answer

According to multiple studies, African Americans have the highest prevalence of obesity among all ethnic groups in the United States.

Question 15

Physical changes of aging in the __________ system begin in the late thirties, accelerate in the fifties, and slow in the seventies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Physical changes of aging in the __________...

Question 16

Carly, age 24, has a 22 percent increase over average body weight, based on her age, sex, and physical build. Carly is __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carly, age 24, has a 22 percent...

Question 17

Which statement about rates of overweight and obesity in the United States is true?

Accepted Answer

According to research, a significant number of people experience noticeable weight gain between the ages of 25 and 50. The other statements are false. Overweight children and adolescents tend to remain overweight or obese as they age, rather than losing weight. Second-generation immigrants tend to have higher rates of obesity than first-generation immigrants. Finally, the obesity rate in the United States continues to exceed the overweight rate, indicating that the problem is not improving.

Question 18

__________ may heighten the effects of a high-fat diet.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ may heighten the effects of a...

Question 19

Regena, age 50, is likely to have __________ than 25-year-old Owen.

Accepted Answer

The thymus, which is crucial for the immune system, naturally shrinks after puberty and continues to decrease in size and function with age, making Regena likely to have a smaller thymus than Owen.

Question 20

Which statement about U.S. death rates and causes of death is true?

Accepted Answer

According to data from the World Health Organization, death rates for all causes in the United States exceed those of many other industrialized nations, including Canada, Australia, and European countries. The leading causes of death in the United States are heart disease, cancer, and respiratory diseases, with suicide ranking as the 10th leading cause of death across all age groups. Homicide death rates are highest among young adults, but decline with age. Cancer rates also differ by gender, but women generally have higher rates of certain types of cancer, such as breast and cervical cancer.

Quiz 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood