Question 1

Type of alcoholic liver disease that is not reversible is

Accepted Answer

Cirrhosis is a type of alcoholic liver disease that is not reversible. It is characterized by irreversible scarring and damage to the liver tissue, leading to impaired liver function. Alcoholic hepatitis and fatty liver can sometimes be reversible with abstinence from alcohol and proper medical treatment.

Question 2

Use the graph to compare the incidence of heart disease in Okinawa with that in Japan and the U.S.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the graph to compare the incidence...

Question 3

Deficiency of _____ is of particular concern with chronic alcohol consumption.

Accepted Answer

Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to thiamin deficiency, which can result in a serious condition known as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. This syndrome can cause confusion, memory loss, and difficulty with muscle coordination. It is important for individuals who consume alcohol regularly to ensure they are getting enough thiamin through their diet or supplements.

Question 4

The primary mechanism by which moderate consumption of alcohol lowers cardiovascular disease risk is that it

Accepted Answer

Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, often referred to as "good" cholesterol. HDL helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream, which is beneficial for heart health.

Question 5

Drinking alcohol with meals slows its absorption.

Accepted Answer

Drinking alcohol with food slows down its absorption into the bloodstream, as the food serves as a barrier in the stomach and small intestine, slowing down absorption of alcohol. This can result in a slower onset of effects and lower peak blood alcohol concentration.

Question 6

When short-term alcohol intake exceeds the body's ability to break it down, the excess accumulates in the bloodstream and impairs a person's abilities. Of the following, which is the correct sequence of impairments that occur?

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence starts with a compromised ability to reason, as alcohol initially affects the brain areas involved in judgment and decision-making. This is followed by a lack of coordination, as higher alcohol levels impact motor control. Finally, with very high levels of alcohol, critical life-support functions like breathing, heart rate, and the gag reflex can be slowed, posing serious health risks.

Question 7

Which of the following is the only dietary intervention that has been shown to slow aging and extend life?

Accepted Answer

Cutting back on calorie intake, also known as calorie restriction, has been shown to slow aging and extend life in multiple studies on various organisms, including mice, fish, and monkeys. This intervention works by reducing the metabolic rate and oxidative stress in cells, thereby slowing the accumulation of cellular damage and extending the lifespan. Consuming >10% of calories from olive oil, exercising daily, and eating fruits and vegetables are all healthy habits, but they have not been shown to have the same consistent and significant effect on lifespan extension as calorie restriction.

Question 8

When greater amounts of alcohol are consumed, the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) also metabolizes alcohol.

Accepted Answer

The MEOS is a secondary pathway for alcohol metabolism and becomes more active when larger amounts of alcohol are consumed.

Question 9

Peak blood alcohol concentrations occur about _____ minutes after ingestion.

Accepted Answer

Peak blood alcohol concentrations usually occur about 60 minutes after ingestion, although this can vary depending on various factors such as the amount of alcohol consumed, body weight, and food intake. It is important to note that alcohol can still affect cognitive and motor functions even after peak blood alcohol concentrations have been reached.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about alcohol metabolism is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The main organs that break down alcohol are the liver, not the kidneys.

Quiz 12: Nutrition From 1 to 100