Question 1

The most frequently occurring score of a set of numbers(e.g., 3,4,6,6,6,6,6,6,7,8) is called the:

Accepted Answer

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set, which in the given example is 6.

Question 2

The behaviour/variable that is measured in an experiment is called the:

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the variable that is being measured or tested in an experiment to see if it is affected by changes in the independent variable.

Question 3

I have collected ordinal data and used an independent groups design; which inferential statistical test should I use?

Accepted Answer

The Mann-Whitney U Test is appropriate for comparing two independent groups on an ordinal variable, fitting the scenario of having collected ordinal data and using an independent groups design.

Question 4

According to Beck, what should be tackled in CBT to help someone overcome depression?

Accepted Answer

According to Beck's cognitive theory of depression, tackling negative thoughts about the self, the world, and the future is essential in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help someone overcome depression. These three components are known as the cognitive triad.

Question 5

Which of the following brain structures has not been linked to OCD?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus has not been directly linked to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in the same way as the other structures listed. The anterior cingulate, thalamus, orbitofrontal cortex, and striatum have all been implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD through various studies, showing abnormalities in these areas in individuals with OCD.

Question 6

OCD could be explained by:

Accepted Answer

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is often associated with low levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in mood regulation and anxiety.

Question 7

Which drugs tend to be used with people diagnosed with OCD to help them:

Accepted Answer

SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) are commonly used to treat OCD as they help increase serotonin levels in the brain, which can reduce OCD symptoms.

Question 8

Who proposed the ABC model, a cognitive explanation for depression?

Accepted Answer

Albert Ellis proposed the ABC model, which stands for Activating event, Belief, and Consequence, as part of his Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) to explain emotional disturbances like depression.

Question 9

Which of the following are characteristics of a major depressive disorder

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed (loss of energy, change in sleep patterns, weight change, and impaired concentration) are characteristics of major depressive disorder. These symptoms can significantly impact an individual's daily life and are part of the diagnostic criteria for the disorder.

Question 10

A behavioural psychologist may attempt to explain how a person has developed a phobia via:

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is a behavioral concept where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a response due to repeated pairings with a stimulus that naturally elicits that response, which can explain the development of phobias.

Question 11

Another way in which a behavioural psycholgist may try to explain how a phobia is formed is via:

Accepted Answer

Modelling, or observational learning, is a way a behavioral psychologist might explain the formation of a phobia, as individuals can develop fears by observing others' fearful reactions to specific stimuli.

Question 12

Which of the following terms is not linked to systematic desensitisation?

Accepted Answer

Flooding is a different therapeutic technique from systematic desensitization. While systematic desensitization involves gradual exposure to the feared object or situation combined with relaxation techniques, flooding involves immediate and intense exposure.

Question 13

Flooding is quite effective in helping to treat:

Accepted Answer

Flooding is a psychological treatment method used to help individuals overcome phobias. It involves exposing the person to their fear at its most extreme level and for a prolonged period of time, without any danger, in order to help them overcome their anxiety or fear response. This technique is not typically used for treating OCD, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, or bipolar disorder.

Quiz 6: Psychopathology and Research Methods