Question 1

Maccoby's four key behaviours for attachment were distress on separation, orientating behaviours towards the primary caregiver, seeking proximity to the main caregiver and:

Accepted Answer

Maccoby identified pleasure when reunited with the main caregiver as one of the key behaviors indicating attachment, along with distress on separation, orientating behaviors towards the primary caregiver, and seeking proximity to the main caregiver.

Question 2

The PDD model of disruption of attachment stands for Protest, Despair, and:

Accepted Answer

The PDD model of disruption of attachment consists of three stages: Protest, Despair, and Detachment. This model describes how individuals react to the loss of an attachment figure.

Question 3

An attachment is what type of bond?

Accepted Answer

An attachment is primarily an emotional bond, reflecting a connection in which emotional information is exchanged and affects the psychological development of at least one individual.

Question 4

At about 10-11 months, babies often start to form which sort of attachments?

Accepted Answer

At about 10-11 months, babies often start to form multiple attachments, including those with parents, siblings, and other close family members or caregivers.

Question 5

Variation in infant attachment security can be explained as:

Accepted Answer

Variation in infant attachment security is partially genetic, as research indicates that both genetic factors and environmental influences, such as parenting style and family dynamics, play a role in how infants form attachments.

Question 6

Over time, the size of the association between paternal sensitivity and infant-father attachment has changed:

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that the association between paternal sensitivity and infant-father attachment has increased over time, suggesting a growing recognition of the father's role in child development.

Question 7

Social releasers include:

Accepted Answer

Social releasers are innate behaviors in infants that trigger caregiving responses from adults. Crying, smiling, and blowing bubbles are all examples of such behaviors.

Question 8

Harlow's monkeys preferred which substitute mother?

Accepted Answer

Harlow's experiments with monkeys showed that they preferred cloth-covered substitute mothers over wire mothers, even when the wire mothers provided food. This demonstrated the importance of comfort and tactile stimulation in the formation of attachment in primates.

Question 9

Attachment behaviour can vary depending on:

Accepted Answer

Attachment behavior can vary depending on the family culture, as cultural norms and practices influence parenting styles and the way attachment is formed and expressed.

Question 10

Secure attachment is when an infant is upset when the caregiver returns after leaving them and:

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment is characterized by the infant being pleased and comforted when the caregiver returns, indicating a strong, healthy bond.

Question 11

Ainsworth's Strange Situation contains how many stages?

Accepted Answer

Ainsworth's Strange Situation is a procedure designed to observe attachment relationships between a caregiver and children. It consists of 8 stages that involve various scenarios of presence and absence of the caregiver and a stranger.

Question 12

Schaffer and Emerson suggested children go through how many stages of attachment?

Accepted Answer

Schaffer and Emerson proposed that children go through four stages of attachment development: pre-attachment, indiscriminate attachment, discriminate attachment, and multiple attachments.

Question 13

Maternal or caregiver sensitivity involves alertness to infant signals; capacity to negotiate conflicting goals; promptness of response; and being:

Accepted Answer

Maternal or caregiver sensitivity is defined by the caregiver's ability to accurately interpret the infant's signals and respond to them in a timely and appropriate manner. It is not limited to females, close relatives, or those who spend the most time with the baby, but rather is characterized by the appropriateness of the caregiver's responses to the infant's needs.

Question 14

Reciprocity is most positive when it happens:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reciprocity is most positive when it happens:
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Question 15

Lorenz called the attachment between a newly hatched chick and the first moving object it saw:

Accepted Answer

Lorenz termed the phenomenon where a newly hatched chick forms an attachment to the first moving object it encounters as "imprinting." This process is crucial for the chick's social and survival behaviors.

Question 16

Monotropy is the attachment to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Monotropy is the attachment to:
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Question 17

Bowlby's theory is adaptive because it emphasises:

Accepted Answer

Bowlby's attachment theory is adaptive because it emphasizes all these aspects: safety, closeness to the main caregiver, emotional attachment with the main caregiver, and a secure base from which to explore. These elements are crucial for the survival and development of infants, ensuring they form strong bonds with their caregivers, which in turn supports their emotional and physical development.

Question 18

The last of Bowlby's four phases of attachment is:

Accepted Answer

The last of Bowlby's four phases of attachment is from 2 years old onwards, marking the phase where children start to form reciprocal relationships and understand others' feelings and expectations.

Question 19

Learning theory comprises classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and can include:

Accepted Answer

Social learning is a distinct concept within learning theory that emphasizes learning through observation and imitation of others, which is not specifically a part of classical or operant conditioning but is recognized as a significant mechanism of learning in its own right.

Question 20

The internal working model is:

Accepted Answer

The internal working model, a concept from attachment theory, can change over time due to new experiences and relationships.

Quiz 3: Attachment