Question 1

Quantitative research analyzes data to reveal numbers and statistics. This procedure is not utilized very often in social work practice due to the lack of studies large enough for analytical figures. It is, however, helpful for larger projects. Why is the most widely used research method the qualitative model?
A)It helps to determine percentages in data analysis
B)It determines the quality of the researcher's data
C)It specifies informative comparisons with other research methods
D)It gathers in-depth understanding of human behavior

Accepted Answer

Qualitative researchers strive to gather information on human behavior and the reasoning for such behaviors. This method deals with the "why" and "how" of decision making. Samples are much smaller and allow the social worker to be more focused. Qualitative methods produce information on the particular case studied only.

Question 2

Which of the following would be an example of "argument by evidence"?
A)"A fortune cookie tells me that I shouldn't invest in Microsoft stock"
B)"My mother's best friend thinks all hamburgers are bad for you"
C)"Company statistics show that younger employees call in sick more"
D)"Everyone knows that you starve a cold and feed a flu"

Accepted Answer

Using company statistics to show that younger employees call in sick more is an example of argument by evidence.
Key Takeaway: Argument by evidence means that you present evidence to support your claims. Suppose that a human resources manager is asked to comment on the number of sick days that each employee uses. The manager believes that although older employees are thought to be the ones calling in sick more because of health problems, it is the younger employees that use more sick days. Company statistics support his belief. This is an example of using evidence to support an argument.

Question 3

David is a research psychologist working with 3M. He and his team are commissioned by the government to design a more efficient computer interface. Herb is an example of a _________________.
A)experimental psychologist
B)clinical psychologist
C)social psychologist
D)industrial-organizational psychologist

Accepted Answer

An industrial-organizational psychologist works in research that makes a computer interface more efficient.
Key Takeaway: Industrial-organizational psychology is a branch of applied psychology that brings research into product development. Research psychologists in this sub-field of Psychology use results from research studies in perception and other branches to develop products that are friendly and easy to use. Other example of industrial-organizational psychologists are those involved in traffic research and safety studies.

Question 4

In research psychology, a researcher must make sure that participants agree to a research study based on clear, accurate, and complete information. This is referred to as______________.
A)anonymity
B)confidentiality
C)informed consent
D)transparency

Accepted Answer

Informed consent is when a researcher makes sure that participants agree to a research study based on clear, accurate, and complete information.
Key Takeaway: Informed consent is the cornerstone of participation in psychological research. Participants in a study will often answer private questions or perform tests for the researcher. The researcher, in turn, has to provide the participants with clear, accurate, and complete information about the nature of the study and what is required of them. This disclosure must also include the potential use of their data and how it will be shared with others.

Question 5

In a correlation study, an electrical company paid by city officials finds that as politicians reduce the budget for maintenance work, the less likely they are to find lucrative contracts. These results indicate _____________.
A)the less money city politicians allocate to maintenance work, the more lucrative are the contracts
B)the more money city politicians allocate to maintenance work, the less lucrative are the contracts
C)the less money city politicians allocate to maintenance work, the less lucrative are the contracts
D)the local budget restricts do not affect the size of construction company contracts

Accepted Answer

In a correlation study, the less money city politicians allocate to maintenance work, the less lucrative are the contracts.
Key Takeaway: The relationship between two variables is quantified through a number that is referred to as a correlation coefficient. In the example above, as budgets decreased, so did the size of contracts. Correlations also describe positive relationships whereby if one variable increases, the second variable increases too. Finally, a correlation between two variables can be negative with an opposite relationship; for example, as one variable increases, the second variable decreases.

Question 6

Michael is a neuroscientist. Which of the following is the MOST likely area of his research interest:
A)cross-cultural bases of group behavior
B)biological basis of movement disorders
C)cognitive basis of learning behavior
D)social bases of altruistic behavior

Accepted Answer

As a neuroscientist, Dr. Michael's most likely area of research interest is the biological bases of behavior.
Key Takeaway: A neuroscientist is interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders. In a movement disorder such as Parkinson's, a person's limbs move uncontrollably because of a loss of dopamine. Eventually, the person loses the ability to move their limbs altogether.

Question 7

Jones is told by the doctors that her husband's diagnosis of Alzheimer's is due to the _______.
A)reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
B)reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine
C)reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter epinephrine
D)reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Jones is told by the doctors that her husband's diagnosis of Alzheimer's is due to the reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
Key Takeaway: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive and terminal brain disease that is caused by the buildup of plaques on the brain. The disease is thought to be caused by a reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Alzheimer's causes a number of degenerative symptoms that include memory loss, language difficulties, and motor problems.

Question 8

_________ is referred to the 'stress hormone' and is an essential regulator of a number of physiological processes.
A)cortisol
B)ACTH
C)growth hormone
D)oxytocin

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is referred to the 'stress hormone' and is an essential regulator of a number of physiological processes.
Key Takeaway: The hypothalamic pituitary axis is endocrine system that is responsible for the release of a number of hormones. Cortisol is the stress hormone released by the adrenal glands (which sit on top of the kidneys). Cortisol regulates a number of essential physiological processes such as sugar metabolism, blood pressure, bone metabolism, and the immune system.

Question 9

_________ is the ability of an individual to capture, retain, store and recall information in the brain.
A)cognition
B)learning
C)development
D)memory

Accepted Answer

Memory is the ability of an individual to capture, retain, store and recall information in the brain.
Key Takeaway: Memory is a complex ability shared by many organisms and it helps them retain and recall information for later use. Memory is often studied in terms of short term or long term retention and recall. A number of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's have a significant impact on memory. Some psychological conditions such as chronic stress have also been shown to affect memory.

Question 10

Adolescence is the developmental period ___________________.
A)when the pituitary gland initiates hormone release in the adrenal cortex
B)when a youngster is capable of engaging in sexual reproduction
C)when a male reaches their maximum puberty growth spurt
D)when primary sex qualities such as testicle development

Accepted Answer

Adolescence is defined as the developmental period at which a youngster is capable of engaging in sexual reproduction.
Key Takeaway: As a developmental stage, adolescence is a time when signals from the brain to the gonads (ovaries and testicles) initiate hormone production. Adolescence refers to the bodily changes associated with sexual maturity whereby the young person makes capable of engaging in sexual reproduction.

Question 11

The formation of gender identity is a complex process that begins at _____________.
A)conception
B)within the first year of birth
C)early childhood
D)adolescence

Accepted Answer

The formation of gender identity is a complex process that begins at conception.
Key Takeaway: Gender identity is a complex process that begins with gestational processes in the womb and then learning experiences after birth. Gender identity is not only about the genitalia of the male or female. While some studies have shown that gender identity is stable throughout childhood, other research shows that it is affected by the environment. In fact, gender identity has a very strong social component as the environment and people's expectations shape what a child's self-concept will be.

Question 12

Sheila spends hours learning how to sew from her mother. This method of guided participation in the development of childhood skills was pioneered by the following psychologist:
A)Abraham Maslow
B)Anna Freud
C)Lev Vygotsky
D)Jean Piaget

Accepted Answer

Lev Vygotsky developed a theory of guided participation that is central to the development childhood skills.
Key Takeaway: Lev Vygotsky developed a theory that children's interaction with knowledgeable adults or older children helped them develop skills. For example, an older sibling can help a young child learn how to do long division by guiding him or her step-by-step. The goal of this guidance is to impart both knowledge and skill to the child. Guided participation is also used in the instruction of adults and is an important teaching tool.

Question 13

Jamie's therapist shows him a picture with dark ink splattered in the middle of the page. Much to the horror of his therapist, Jamie insists that the picture is that of an old, naked person. This type of test where a person tries to identify an ambiguous image is considered a __________ test.
A)projective
B)intelligence
C)deviance
D)objective

Accepted Answer

A projective test is a type of test whereby a person tries to identify an ambiguous image.
Key Takeaway: Projective tests are a type of test used by both personality and clinical psychologists. A person is shown an ambiguous picture (most often a shapeless ink image) and asked to identify it. The test is called 'projective' because the individual is expected to project his or her own unconscious reflection of reality onto the image.

Question 14

In Lucinda's culture, group cohesion and interests take precedence over individual wants. Lucinda most likely describes her 'self' in terms of ___________.
A)contributions to her retirement funds
B)her relationships with others
C)her educational goals and attainment
D)her personality traits

Accepted Answer

In Lucinda's culture, group cohesion and interests take precedence over individual wants. Lucinda most likely describes her 'self' in terms of her relationships with others.
Key Takeaway: In collectivist cultures, group cohesion and ultimate interests are given a much higher priority than individual wants and needs. For example, a person who has aspirations to study Arts in college will opt to stay and work in the family farm if the need comes up. In this type of culture, a person's conception of the 'self' is defined in terms of their relationship with others.

Question 15

In the trait theory of personality, ___________ and _________ are considered to be different views on whether all traits exist in all people.
A)ego: superego
B)introversion; extraversion
C)psychodynamic; sociocultural
D)idiographic; nomothetic

Accepted Answer

In the trait theory of personality, idiographic and nomothetic are considered to be different views on whether all traits exist in all people.
Key Takeaway: In the trait theory of personality, there is often a disagreement on whether all traits exist in all people. There are two views that examine this doubt: idiographic and nomothetic views. The idiographic view states that individuals have unique personality structures, therefore, it is important to concentrate on only some traits in some individuals as you cannot study the unique structure of every person. The nomothetic view, on the other hand, states that people have more or less of the same traits in a consistent manner.

Question 16

The American Psychologist who pioneered the idiographic and nomothetic views of studying human personality is __________.
A)Sigmund Freud
B)Meyer Friedman
C)Gordon Allport
D)Alfred Adler

Accepted Answer

The American Psychologist who pioneered the idiographic and nomothetic views of studying human personality is Gordon Allport.
Key Takeaway: Gordon Allport was one of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structured approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality study in 1937 with a goal of differentiating between common traits and those that are unique to individuals.

Question 17

Youngsters who live close to noisy airports _______________ than do youngsters who live in the more quiet suburbs.
A)do better in school and afterschool extracurriculars
B)show greater stress responses such as high blood pressure
C)show less helping behavior towards the elderly
D)do worse in church activities on Sunday mornings

Accepted Answer

Youngsters who live close to noisy airports show greater stress responses such as high blood pressure than do youngsters who live in the more quiet suburbs.
Key Takeaway: Noisy airports are a significant and persistent stressor. They disrupt sleep and are stressful to young children and adolescents. This continued stress leads to an overproduction of stress hormones which, in turn, lead to changes in the body such as high blood pressure, insomnia, and high blood sugar.

Question 18

People with borderline personality disorder are much more likely to_____________.
A)take offence to harmless comments on their political views
B)irrational fears of presenting information to large groups of people
C)have difficult and unstable relationships with most people in their lives
D)hold extremely liberal views on social and cultural issues

Accepted Answer

People with borderline personality disorder are much more likely to have difficult and unstable relationships with most people in their lives.
Key Takeaway: Borderline personality disorders are considered personality disorders listed in as a Cluster B personality disorder in the DSM-5. This disorder is usually identified early during adolescence or even earlier. Sufferers tend to have fragmented and volatile relationships with their friends, family, and teachers. They show fears of abandonment and will exhibit angry outbursts and an unstable mood.

Question 19

The two main models used in understanding drug abuse and addictions are __________ and _________.
A)cultural; social
B)cultural; psychodynamic
C)cultural; biological
D)cultural; humanist

Accepted Answer

The two main models used in understanding drug abuse and addictions are cultural and biological.
Key Takeaway: Drug abuse and addictions are currently explained using two models: cultural and biological. The cultural model holds that exposure to addiction at home or the general environment is an important determinant of drug abuse and addictions. The biological model holds that exposure to drugs, for example, changes the way the brain functions and deals with external stimuli. This leads to the person developing a dependency on the drug because of this change.

Question 20

Current research on bipolar disorder shows that:
A)periods of mania are followed by periods of phobia
B)women and men are just as likely to suffer from it
C)during a manic phases, energy levels are at the lowest
D)sufferers tend to grow out of the disorder by their early 20s

Accepted Answer

Current research on bipolar disorder shows that women and men are just as likely to suffer from it.
Key Takeaway: Bipolar disorder or manic depressive disorder causes a person to oscillate between periods of mania where they have high energy and depression. In the manic periods, sufferers will often feel invincible and engage in risky behaviors such as speed driving or gambling. In periods of depression, they will have low energy and may feel hopeless and suicidal. Bipolar disorder is prevalent among men and women equally and present in all cultures.

Quiz 34: (AP) Psychology: Part B

Which of the following would be an example of "argument by evidence"?

David is a research psychologist working with 3M. He and his team are commissioned by the government to design a more efficient computer interface. Herb is an example of a _________________.

In research psychology, a researcher must make sure that participants agree to a research study based on clear, accurate, and complete information. This is referred to as______________.

In a correlation study, an electrical company paid by city officials finds that as politicians reduce the budget for maintenance work, the less likely they are to find lucrative contracts. These results indicate _____________.

Michael is a neuroscientist. Which of the following is the MOST likely area of his research interest:

Jones is told by the doctors that her husband's diagnosis of Alzheimer's is due to the _______.

_________ is referred to the 'stress hormone' and is an essential regulator of a number of physiological processes.

_________ is the ability of an individual to capture, retain, store and recall information in the brain.

Adolescence is the developmental period ___________________.

The formation of gender identity is a complex process that begins at _____________.

Sheila spends hours learning how to sew from her mother. This method of guided participation in the development of childhood skills was pioneered by the following psychologist:

Jamie's therapist shows him a picture with dark ink splattered in the middle of the page. Much to the horror of his therapist, Jamie insists that the picture is that of an old, naked person. This type of test where a person tries to identify an ambiguous image is considered a __________ test.

In Lucinda's culture, group cohesion and interests take precedence over individual wants. Lucinda most likely describes her 'self' in terms of ___________.

In the trait theory of personality, ___ and _ are considered to be different views on whether all traits exist in all people.

The American Psychologist who pioneered the idiographic and nomothetic views of studying human personality is __________.

Youngsters who live close to noisy airports _______________ than do youngsters who live in the more quiet suburbs.

People with borderline personality disorder are much more likely to_____________.

The two main models used in understanding drug abuse and addictions are __ and _.

Current research on bipolar disorder shows that: