Question 1

Glyceryl trinitrate is administered by the following routes except:

Accepted Answer

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), also known as nitroglycerin, is commonly used to treat angina pectoris. It is administered via oral, sublingual, and intravenous routes for rapid onset of action and to bypass first-pass metabolism, which is significant with oral administration. However, it is not typically administered intramuscularly due to the risk of causing hematoma and its ineffectiveness through this route for the intended rapid relief of angina.

Question 2

Myocardial Na⁺ channel blockade by lignocaine has the following characteristic:

Accepted Answer

Lignocaine preferentially blocks inactivated Na⁺ channels, which are more prevalent in ischemic or depolarized tissues, making it effective in treating ventricular arrhythmias.

Question 3

Hypothyroidism is a possible consequence of prolonged therapy with:

Accepted Answer

Amiodarone, a class III antiarrhythmic agent, is known to affect thyroid function due to its high iodine content and direct effects on the thyroid gland, potentially leading to hypothyroidism with prolonged therapy.

Question 4

The following is true of procainamide except:

Accepted Answer

Procainamide's plasma half-life is not longer than that of quinidine. In fact, quinidine generally has a longer half-life, making this statement incorrect in the context of comparing the two drugs. Procainamide does generate an active metabolite (N-acetylprocainamide), can cause a lupus-like syndrome with long-term use, and is effective for ventricular extrasystoles not responsive to lignocaine, making the other options true.

Question 5

The most significant feature of the antiarrhythmic action of is:

Accepted Answer

Suppression of phase-4 depolarization in ventricular ectopic foci is a key feature of certain antiarrhythmic drugs, particularly those that target automaticity in ectopic pacemaker cells, thereby reducing abnormal heart rhythms.

Question 6

Quinidine is now used primarily for:

Accepted Answer

Quinidine is primarily used for the prevention of recurrences of atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia due to its ability to stabilize cardiac rhythm.

Question 7

The following antiarrhythmic drug has the most prominent anticholinergic action:

Accepted Answer

Disopyramide has the most prominent anticholinergic action among the options listed, which can lead to dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision, and constipation.

Question 8

The following is not true about :

Accepted Answer

The statement that it has no effect on myocardial K+ channels is not true. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs, which block myocardial Na+ channels, can have varying effects on K+ channels depending on their subclassification.

Question 9

Beneficial effect/effects of diuretics in CHF patients include the following:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Beneficial effect/effects of diuretics in CHF patients...

Question 10

Glyceryl trinitrate is used in CHF for:

Accepted Answer

Glyceryl trinitrate is primarily used for rapid symptom relief in acute left ventricular failure due to its vasodilatory effects, which help reduce the workload on the heart by decreasing venous return and arterial pressure. It is not typically used for routine treatment of mild to moderate chronic heart failure or for arresting disease progression.

Question 11

Vasodilators are used to treat:

Accepted Answer

Vasodilators are used in the treatment of various forms of heart failure, including acute heart failure following myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure due to diastolic dysfunction, and chronic heart failure due to both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. They help by reducing the workload on the heart and improving blood flow.

Question 12

Given drug is administered by the following routes except:

Accepted Answer

Intramuscular injection is not a route of administration for drugs that are absorbed sublingually.

Question 13

Which of the following drugs is most likely to accentuate varient (Prinzmetal) angina?

Accepted Answer

Propranolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, can exacerbate variant (Prinzmetal) angina by blocking beta-2 receptors, leading to unopposed alpha-mediated vasoconstriction, which can worsen coronary artery spasm.

Question 14

The following antianginal drug is most likely to produce tachycardia as a side effect:

Accepted Answer

Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, can cause reflex tachycardia as a side effect due to its potent vasodilatory effects, leading to a decrease in blood pressure and a compensatory increase in heart rate.

Question 15

The cardiac response to verapamil and nifedipine in human subjects is:

Accepted Answer

Verapamil, a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, primarily affects the heart, leading to a decrease in heart rate (bradycardia). Nifedipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, predominantly acts on vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation which can reflexively lead to an increase in heart rate (tachycardia).

Question 16

Propranolol should not be prescribed for a patient of angina pectoris who is already receiving:

Accepted Answer

Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that can significantly decrease heart rate and myocardial contractility. When combined with propranolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, the risk of severe bradycardia, heart block, and heart failure increases due to their additive effects on heart rate and contractility.

Question 17

Given drug is

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given drug is
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Question 18

The short acting dihydropyridine preparations can aggravate myocardial ischaemia by invoking:

Accepted Answer

Short acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers can cause a rapid drop in blood pressure, leading to reflex sympathetic activation, which increases heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand, potentially worsening myocardial ischemia.

Question 19

Which of the following drugs is a potassium channel opener?

Accepted Answer

Nicorandil acts as a potassium channel opener, which helps to dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow, distinguishing it from the other options listed.

Question 20

The characteristic feature(s) of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers is/are:

Accepted Answer

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine, have minimal negative inotropic action on the heart, do not significantly affect A-V conduction, and do not alter the activation-inactivation kinetics of the calcium channels. These characteristics distinguish them from other classes of calcium channel blockers.

Quiz 2: Cardiovascular Medications