Question 1

Mundane realism is

Accepted Answer

Mundane realism refers to the degree to which the conditions in an experiment mimic real-world conditions, making the findings more generalizable to everyday situations.

Question 2

An experiment would have experimental realism if it

Accepted Answer

Experimental realism refers to the degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants, making them take the experiment seriously and behave naturally within the experimental setting.

Question 3

Experimenters standardize their instructions to subjects in order to

Accepted Answer

Standardizing instructions helps to minimize demand characteristics by ensuring that all participants receive the same information and cues, which could otherwise influence their behavior in the study.

Question 4

Which is false according to the text. The American and British Psychological Associations

Accepted Answer

The American and British Psychological Associations require that participants are told enough about the experiment to enable informed consent, but they do not mandate that the experiment be fully explained before proceeding. This allows for certain types of research where full disclosure upfront could bias the results.

Question 5

Informed consent is

Accepted Answer

Informed consent is an ethical principle that requires researchers to obtain the voluntary consent of participants before conducting research.

Question 6

The procedure that fools people into disclosing their attitudes is

Accepted Answer

The bogus pipeline is a technique that tricks people into revealing their true attitudes by convincing them they are being monitored by a lie detector or similar device, thereby encouraging more truthful responses.

Question 7

In response to external circumstances ___________________ people adjust their behavior.

Accepted Answer

Self-conscious people are more likely to adjust their behavior in response to external circumstances because they are more aware of how they are perceived by others.

Question 8

You can measure attitudes by which of the following techniques?

Accepted Answer

The bogus pipeline is a technique used to measure attitudes by convincing participants that a machine can accurately detect their true feelings, encouraging them to be more honest.

Question 9

The text asserts that the tendency for oppressors to disparage their victims is an example of

Accepted Answer

The answer of The text asserts that the tendency for...

Question 10

A variation of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon is the

Accepted Answer

The low-ball technique is a variation of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon, where an individual first agrees to a request at a low cost, only to later find out that there are additional costs or conditions. This technique relies on the principle of commitment, where people are more likely to agree to something if they have already made a preliminary commitment.

Question 11

Salespeople try to prevent customers from canceling their purchases by

Accepted Answer

Having the customer fill out the sales agreement can create a sense of commitment and ownership, reducing the likelihood of cancellation.

Question 12

The text asserts that changing behavior can alter attitudes. Which of the following is an example?

Accepted Answer

Civil rights legislation is an example where changing behavior through laws and policies led to a shift in societal attitudes towards equality and civil rights.

Question 13

The term brainwashing describes what happened to American POWs during which war?

Accepted Answer

The term "brainwashing" was first used to describe the thought reform techniques used on American POWs during the Korean War.

Question 14

The reduction of dissonance by internally justifying one's behavior when external rewards are lacking is

Accepted Answer

The insufficient justification effect occurs when individuals rationalize their behavior in situations where external rewards or justifications for the behavior are minimal, leading them to change their internal views to reduce cognitive dissonance. This is a key concept in cognitive dissonance theory, where people aim to maintain consistency between their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. When external justifications are insufficient, internal justifications are enhanced to reduce the dissonance experienced.

Question 15

According to self-perception theory, behavior shapes attitudes

Accepted Answer

Self-perception theory suggests that individuals develop their attitudes by observing their own behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused it, especially when their attitudes are weak or ambiguous. This contrasts with the idea that attitudes must be strong and consistent to influence behavior.

Quiz 2: Psychology: Concepts and Theories