Question 1

According to the text, one possible reason why people in New York are less helpful is that

Accepted Answer

In big cities, the sense of community and personal connection is often weaker, which can make reciprocity less effective compared to smaller groups where people know each other better.

Question 2

In Latane and Darley's research involving staging an epileptic seizure, _________ percent of those who thought they were alone and ________ percent of those who thought there were others left the room to seek aid.

Accepted Answer

In Latane and Darley's research, 85 percent of participants who thought they were alone sought help for the staged epileptic seizure, while only 31 percent of those who believed others were also witnessing the event sought help. This illustrates the bystander effect, where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.

Question 3

Researchers had participants working in a room either by themselves or with two strangers. When smoke was pumped into the room through a vent, the solitary participant

Accepted Answer

Individuals alone are more likely to notice anomalies such as smoke more quickly than those in groups, due to a phenomenon known as the "bystander effect," where individuals in a group are less likely to notice or react to unusual events, assuming that someone else will take action.

Question 4

Which of the following moods is most likely to motivate altruism?

Accepted Answer

Guilt often motivates altruistic behavior as individuals may engage in helping others to alleviate their own feelings of guilt.

Question 5

How individuals are affected by the presence of others is the focus of study in the field of

Accepted Answer

Social psychology specifically examines how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others, making it the correct answer. Sociology, on the other hand, focuses on society at large rather than individual behavior. Experimental psychology involves the use of scientific methods to study the mind and behavior broadly, not specifically the influence of others. Sociobiology examines social behaviors in a biological context, focusing on how behavior is affected by evolutionary processes rather than the immediate social environment.

Question 6

When the Titanic sank, ________ percent of the females and _______ percent of the males survived.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 70% of the females and 20% of the males survived the Titanic disaster.

Question 7

According to the text, a strategy for gaining a concession is the

Accepted Answer

The door-in-the-face technique is a strategy for gaining a concession. It involves initially making a large request that is expected to be refused, followed by a smaller request (the actual desired outcome), which is more likely to be accepted.

Question 8

From an evolutionary perspective it would be most difficult to explain why

Accepted Answer

From an evolutionary perspective, altruistic behaviors (actions benefiting others at a cost to oneself) towards genetically unrelated individuals, like risking one's life for a stranger, are more difficult to explain compared to behaviors that directly benefit one's genetic relatives (e.g., helping one's father or daughter). This is because evolutionary theories, such as kin selection, suggest that behaviors that increase the survival and reproductive success of one's genetic relatives are favored by natural selection.

Question 9

Calvin asks his mother for ice cream with strawberries and nuts on top. She refuses. He then asks for a cookie, and she grants his request. Calvin has successfully used the

Accepted Answer

Calvin used the door-in-the-face technique, which involves making a large request that is expected to be refused, followed by a smaller request that seems more reasonable by comparison, leading to a higher likelihood of agreement.

Question 10

Which technique should be taught to children to promote enduring altruistic tendencies?

Accepted Answer

Mister Rogers' Neighborhood is known for teaching empathy, kindness, and understanding, which are key components of altruism. The show models positive social behaviors and encourages children to think about others' feelings and perspectives, fostering an environment where altruistic tendencies can grow.

Question 11

According to Alvin Gouldner, a universal moral code is

Accepted Answer

Alvin Gouldner argued that the norm of reciprocity, which is the expectation that people will respond to each other in kind—returning benefits for benefits and sanctions for sanctions—is a universal moral code that forms the basis of social interactions across different societies.

Question 12

Which is a method to reduce prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Mutual interdependence is a method to reduce prejudice as it involves creating situations where individuals or groups must rely on each other to achieve common goals, thereby encouraging cooperation and reducing negative stereotypes and biases.

Question 13

Milgram's shock study showed people to be surprisingly

Accepted Answer

Milgram's shock study demonstrated that people are surprisingly obedient to authority figures, even when asked to perform actions that conflict with their personal conscience.

Question 14

In his classic studies of conformity, Asch demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

Asch's studies showed that when there was a lack of unanimity in the majority's response, the pressure to conform significantly decreased. This was evident when even one other individual in the group gave a correct response, which greatly reduced the conformity of the participant.

Question 15

The organization of roles, patterns of communication, and power in a group defines the group's

Accepted Answer

The organization of roles, patterns of communication, and power in a group defines the group's structure. This includes how the group is organized, how members interact with each other, and how decisions are made within the group.

Question 16

The __________ hypothesis states that frustration tends to lead to aggression.

Accepted Answer

The frustration-aggression hypothesis posits that frustration often leads to aggressive behavior. This theory suggests that when an individual's goal-directed behavior is blocked or frustrated, it can result in aggression as a response.

Quiz 4: Human Behavior and Interactions