Question 1

Logical positivists attack on statement of ----------, theology and religion

Accepted Answer

Logical positivists critiqued metaphysics, theology, and religion for making statements that they considered to be non-empirical and not verifiable through sensory experience or logical analysis. They believed that meaningful statements must be either empirically verifiable or analytically true.

Question 2

Leading members of the Vienna circle included M. Schlick, R. Carnap, O. Neurath, and

Accepted Answer

Friedrich Waismann was indeed a member of the Vienna Circle, which was a group of philosophers and scientists dedicated to the logical analysis of science and language. The other individuals listed were not members of this group.

Question 3

Who wrote the book Language, Truth and Logic?

Accepted Answer

A. J. Ayer is the author of "Language, Truth and Logic," a work that presents a verification principle as the foundation for logical positivism.

Question 4

------- distinguished between meaningful and meaningless statements?

Accepted Answer

Logical positivists, particularly those associated with the Vienna Circle, emphasized the verification principle, which distinguished between meaningful statements that could be empirically verified or were tautological, and meaningless statements that did not meet these criteria.

Question 5

According to logical positivists, all -------- statements are meaningless.

Accepted Answer

Logical positivists argue that metaphysical statements are meaningless because they cannot be empirically verified or falsified. They focus on statements that can be observed and tested.

Question 6

Wittgenstein's famous work is called ------

Accepted Answer

Wittgenstein's famous work is called "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus," often simply referred to as "Tractatus."

Question 7

All the statements in mathematics and logic are true by itself and no need of verification according to the ----------.

Accepted Answer

Logical positivists believe that statements in mathematics and logic are true by their form alone and do not require empirical verification, as they are considered analytic truths.

Question 8

The central idea of logical positivism is the Principle of -------------

Accepted Answer

The central idea of logical positivism is the Principle of Verification, which suggests that for a statement to be meaningful, it must be empirically verifiable or logically provable.

Question 9

-------is a prominent figure in the philosophical movement known as logical positivism or logical empiricism.

Accepted Answer

Rudolf Carnap was a central figure in the Vienna Circle, which was pivotal to the development of logical positivism or logical empiricism, emphasizing the importance of logical analysis and empirically verifiable statements in philosophy.

Question 10

The Logical Syntax of Language is the work of ---------.

Accepted Answer

Rudolf Carnap is the author of "The Logical Syntax of Language," a significant work in the philosophy of language and logic.

Question 11

The major issue of language of philosophy is the relationships between language and --

Accepted Answer

Language and the world are closely related in philosophy. The words we use to describe the world shape our understanding of it, and the world itself influences the way we use language.

Question 12

An influential type of philosophy of language developed out of ----- generative grammar.

Accepted Answer

The influential type of philosophy of language that developed out of generative grammar is associated with Noam Chomsky. Chomsky's work on generative grammar has had a profound impact on linguistics, influencing various aspects of philosophy, cognitive science, and psychology.

Question 13

------- is a central figure in the philosophy of language.

Accepted Answer

Wittgenstein is a central figure in the philosophy of language, known for his works "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" and "Philosophical Investigations," which significantly influenced the study of language, logic, and the limits of thought.

Question 14

The business of --------includes questions about the meanings of subject expressions like the present king of France is bald.

Accepted Answer

The business of semantics includes questions about the meanings of subject expressions, such as understanding what is meant by phrases like "the present king of France is bald," especially when dealing with non-existent or hypothetical subjects.

Question 15

In the The Logical Syntax of Language, Carnap discussed -----------.

Accepted Answer

In "The Logical Syntax of Language," Rudolf Carnap focused on the structure and rules of language from a logical perspective, hence discussing logical syntax.

Question 16

In Logical Syntax of Language, Carnap accepted Tarski's ------------techniques,

Accepted Answer

Carnap accepted Tarski's semantical techniques in his work "Logical Syntax of Language," where he incorporated Tarski's approach to semantics, particularly the concept of truth in formal languages.

Question 17

The central program of Carnap's Logical Syntax of Language is the notion of ------------- framework.

Accepted Answer

The central program of Carnap's "Logical Syntax of Language" is the notion of a linguistic framework, which is focused on the structure and rules of language rather than on existential, ethical, or pragmatic considerations.

Question 18

Meinong claimed to have discovered a new a priori science, the theory of-------

Accepted Answer

Meinong is known for his theory of objects (Gegenstandstheorie), which explores the ontology of objects, including those that do not exist in the physical world.

Question 19

Who made the distinction between objects may either exist (such as physical objects) or subsist(such as mathematical entities).

Accepted Answer

Meinong made the distinction between objects that exist, like physical objects, and those that subsist, such as abstract entities like numbers or concepts. This distinction is part of his theory of objects, which explores the ontology of different kinds of entities.

Question 20

On the Theory of Objects and Psychology is the work of --------------

Accepted Answer

Alexius Meinong is known for his Theory of Objects, which is a significant part of his contributions to psychology and philosophy.

Quiz 3: Logical Positivism, Philosophy of Language, and Ontology