Question 1

The DSM-5 includes a section for significant psychosocial and environmental problems. Which of the following would you report in this section?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed in this question should be included as important contextual factors. Job loss, educational problems, and housing problems are all environmental concerns that a clinician would report in this section. Additional problems that could be listed might be problems with the primary support group, legal issues, and economic concerns.

Question 2

One of the reasons bipolar disorder can be difficult to diagnose in a child under ten is that ________.

Accepted Answer

In children, symptoms of bipolar disorder can be very similar to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). For a child to be appropriately diagnosed, the clinician needs to listen carefully to the parental history of the child's actions and behaviors in addition to utilizing assessments designed for children, not adults.

Question 3

A critical component of the diagnostic interview includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed in this questions is a critical components of the diagnostic interview. Diagnostic interviews vary in length and content, but all include a family and social history, a medical background, and a list of previous diagnoses, if any. From there, depending on the type of clinician, other elements will be added, including current symptoms, lifestyle questions, drug use, etc.

Question 4

Increasing depression after age 65 may be caused by which of the following? Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

After age 65, many individuals experience a change in their livelihood Decrease in income, loss of a partner, or deteriorating physical health, are some factors that can contribute to this change; affecting social status. The loss of a long time spouse or partner can cause a wide range of changes and can create a depressed state in most people. Thankfully, there are many individual or group counseling methods involving grief work.

Question 5

"My physician didn't call to tell me the test results. She probably has bad news and doesn't want to tell me." is an example of what type of distorted thinking?

Accepted Answer

Jumping to conclusions is a type of distorted thinking that can occur when a person takes an action or lack of an action and immediately assumes something else has happened; "Don and I had a fight this morning and now he is late coming home from work. I think he has left me." All or nothing thinking, overgeneralization, and mental filtering are also types of distorted thinking.

Question 6

Using motivation from 'within' is known as ______________ .

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that comes from within one's own thought or desire. This is the opposite of extrinsic motivation, which is said to come from sources outside one's own thought process.

Question 7

Mrs. Smith's thinking has improved with age in some areas and declined in others. This description best illustrates which theory of development?

Accepted Answer

Paul Baltes' selective optimization with compensation theory best describes Mrs. Smith's improvement in some areas of her intellectual abilities and a decline in others. His lifespan development theory states that development is life-long, that it includes both losses and gains, and it is influenced by a historical, as well as cultural context.

Question 8

What is extrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation comes from outside sources, unlike intrinsic motivation which comes from within the individual. I guess if we really got right down to it, extrinsic motivation could possibly come from both Jupiter and food, but usually when we think of extrinsic motivation, we think of factors such as money (doing something because it pays you), doing something because you want to prove someone wrong (I'll show you I can do such and such), etc.

Question 9

What three components make up all attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Social psychologists agree that attitude consists of these three components-the cognitive consisting of thoughts and beliefs, the affective involving feelings, and the behavioral consisting of predispositions to act in certain ways toward an object or situation

Question 10

If when judging behavior of others we tend to emphasize internal personality factors over external situational causes; but when analyzing our own behavior, we emphasize internal personal attributions for our successes and ten to give external environmental attributions for our failures. This is known as ________________________ .

Accepted Answer

The self-serving bias works this way: If we do well on an exam, we tend to think "I really studied" or "I'm pretty smart," but if we do poorly on the exam, we tend to blame the instructor, the textbook, or the "tricky" questions.

Question 11

When we offer an explanation for behavior such as, "she was weak willed" or "he was intimidating," the term _______________ is applied.

Accepted Answer

As we try to understand our world and the things that go on around us every day, we look for the reasons (or causes) for people's behavior. Clinicians use the term Attribution to describe statements explaining why people do what they do.

Question 12

With respect to crisis counseling, what is a crisis?

Accepted Answer

The term crisis can be applied to a single or recurring problem that is overwhelming or traumatic to an individual. It may be a reaction to being involved in a natural disaster such as a tornado or a hurricane. It can be related to a personal assault, an accident, or war.

Question 13

When a client first starts counseling, it is imperative to:

Accepted Answer

When a client first starts counseling, it is imperative to have supportive surroundings. Although some clients may feel the need to post their issues on Facebook and reliable transportation is also important, counseling will not succeed unless the client surrounds him or herself with a supportive infrastructure. A supportive infrastructure might include friends and family or a club whose activities are not detrimental to the client's counseling. For example, one who is seeking counseling for alcohol issues would probably not want to be around people or groups who frequent bars.

Question 14

The empirical approach to test development uses the construction of comparison groups. Empirical evidence is gathered through __________ and __________ .

Accepted Answer

Empirical evidence, gathered through direct observation, and experiment, does not rely on beliefs or arguments.

Question 15

A test user should be aware of the possible limitations of any particular test, including those associated with __________ . Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Tests have limitations, and they vary depending on which test is being used. Some limitations to look out for are regarding reliability, validity, confidence intervals, and error of measurement. The test administrator should also be sure to read the test manual, and understand all relevant information.

Question 16

Some examples of qualitative methods of obtaining data are through conducting focus groups, asking open-ended survey questions, or role-playing. What does qualitative data provide that quantitative data does not?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative data offers information that is more in-depth, and descriptive than quantitative data, and explores the answers to questions of "why," or "how."

Question 17

What are the benefits of doing an employee performance evaluation? Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Employee performance evaluations are used to improve employee motivation, and thus efficiency. These evaluations are also used to help identify employee goals, to satisfy the employee's need for appreciation, and to explore areas for possible development.

Question 18

Job analysis is a group of methods used to distinguish the content of a job in terms of activities involved, and job requirements. There are two approaches to job analysis.

Accepted Answer

The two approaches to job analyses are task-oriented analysis, and worker-oriented analysis; task-oriented analysis concentrates on the tangible activities while worker-oriented analysis explores the personal attributes necessary to perform the job.

Question 19

Holland's theory of Vocational Types identifies six behavioral and personality styles that tend to drive individuals toward certain careers. One of these is the realistic style, which describes an individual who __________ .

Accepted Answer

The realistic personality type is skillful with tools, and/ or machines. An individual with a realistic personality type values practical things you can touch and see.

Question 20

In Donald Super's development of self-concept theory, he establishes five stages of career and life development. One of these stages is the exploration stage, which is characterized by __________ . Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Exploration, which usually occurs between an individual's mid-teens to early twenties, is described by exploring a variety of careers, and skill development. In the establishment stage, the individual discerns realistic vs. unrealistic career choices.

Quiz 2: Assessment And-Diagnosis