Question 1

The COVID-19 vaccine elicits an immune response by presenting the body with

Accepted Answer

The answer of The COVID-19 vaccine elicits an immune response...

Question 2

If a mutation results in the production of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant with a different S protein, this

Accepted Answer

The S protein, or spike protein, of SARS-CoV-2 is a key antigen recognized by the immune system. If a mutation alters the S protein, it can potentially evade the immune response, making the variant more dangerous and potentially life-threatening.

Question 3

What is the role of interferon in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Interferon primarily functions as a signaling protein, alerting neighboring cells to the presence of pathogens such as viruses. It triggers protective defenses in those cells to inhibit the spread of infections.

Question 4

What is the role of histamine in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Histamine plays a crucial role in the immune response by increasing the permeability of capillaries, allowing immune cells and proteins to enter the infected or injured area more easily. This process is part of the body's inflammatory response to infection or injury.

Question 5

What is the role of interleukin in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Interleukins are a group of cytokines that play a crucial role in regulating the immune system, including the activation and differentiation of immune cells.

Question 6

Which of the following groups of coronaviruses are most dangerous to humans?

Accepted Answer

SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 are the most dangerous to humans because they are associated with severe respiratory syndromes and have led to significant outbreaks and pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2.

Question 7

SARS-CoV-2 originated in

Accepted Answer

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019.

Question 8

A virus that is transmitted from an animal host to humans is called a

Accepted Answer

Zoonotic viruses are those that are transmitted from animals to humans, reflecting the process of zoonosis, where infectious diseases jump species barriers.

Question 9

What percentage of all diseases in humans, including influenza, salmonella, and the plague, originated in animals other than humans?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 60% of all human diseases, including influenza, salmonella, and the plague, are zoonotic, meaning they originated in animals other than humans.

Question 10

Genetic analyses suggest that SARS-CoV-2 most likely originated in

Accepted Answer

Genetic analyses and research have shown that SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is most closely related to coronaviruses found in bats, suggesting that bats are the most likely original source of the virus.

Question 11

Malaria is a disease prevalent in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. The disease, transmitted by a protozoan parasite, causes anemia in patients and can prove fatal if left untreated. According to recent research, 200 to 500 million people suffer from malaria every year. The level of movement of Malaria in the population would be described as ________blank.

Accepted Answer

Endemic refers to the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area. Malaria is considered endemic in many regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East due to its consistent presence there.

Question 12

The Great Pestilence, which occurred in the year 1576, was an unknown illness characterized by high fevers and bleeding. The disease caused millions of deaths in Mexico, resulting in the collapse of some Indigenous populations. This disease would be described as

Accepted Answer

An epidemic refers to a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time, which fits the description of the Great Pestilence in Mexico.

Question 13

Coronaviruses are ________blank viruses.

Accepted Answer

Coronaviruses, including the ones that cause COVID-19, are primarily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, making them airborne viruses.

Question 14

How does SARS-CoV-2 identify a potential host cell?

Accepted Answer

The S protein, or spike protein, of SARS-CoV-2 specifically binds to the ACE-2 receptor on the surface of host cells, facilitating viral entry into the cell.

Question 15

When SARS-CoV-2 viral particles are ready for export from a host cell, they are packaged within

Accepted Answer

The answer of When SARS-CoV-2 viral particles are ready for...

Question 16

A(n) ________blank uses evolutionary relationships to organize and group organisms.

Accepted Answer

A systematicist uses evolutionary relationships to organize and group organisms, focusing on the classification and naming of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships.

Question 17

In the typical habitat of oysters, very light-colored and very dark-colored oysters blend in best while those intermediate in color are more likely to be found and eaten by a predator. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range, in this case, very light-colored and very dark-colored oysters, while those with intermediate traits are selected against.

Question 18

Within a DNA molecule, the information for a trait is stored in the sequence of

Accepted Answer

The sequence of nucleotides (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) in a DNA molecule determines the genetic information for traits.

Question 19

A person with type A blood cannot be given a transfusion with type B blood because the glycoproteins on the surface of the type B blood cells may cause an immune reaction. The glycoproteins on the B blood would be considered ________blank in the body of the Type A individual.

Accepted Answer

The glycoproteins on the surface of type B blood cells would be considered antigens in the body of a type A individual, as they can trigger an immune response.

Question 20

While primarily considered to be a respiratory illness, COVID-19 can impact other body systems. Symptoms such as inflammation and blood clots are the result of damage to the ________blank system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While primarily considered to be a respiratory...

Quiz 4: Nutrient Types and Energy Processes