Question 1

The nurse is documenting the blood type of a newborn as "type O." Which statement describes the antigens and antibodies related to this blood type?
A) It has the A antigen and the anti-B antibody.
B) It has the B antigen and the anti-A antibody.
C) It has both A and B antigens, but it does not have either the anti-A or the anti-B antibody.
D) It does not have the A or B antigen, but it does have the anti-A and the anti-B antibody.

Accepted Answer

Type O blood does not have A or B antigens on the red blood cells but does have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.

Question 2

The nurse is preparing a transfusion for a client with type AB blood. Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type O
D) Type AB

Accepted Answer

Type O blood is considered the universal donor because it lacks A and B antigens on the red blood cells, making it compatible with any blood type for transfusion purposes.

Question 3

In which disease would the D antigen be particularly important?
A) Erythroblastosis fetalis
B) Anemia
C) Sickle cell anemia
D) Polycythemia

Accepted Answer

The D antigen is particularly important in Erythroblastosis fetalis, a condition that occurs when there is an incompatibility between the blood types of the mother and fetus, specifically related to the Rh factor (of which the D antigen is a part).

Question 4

The nurse is reading the laboratory results of a client with a blood disorder and notes there is a positive direct Coombs test. Which condition might this test result signify?
A) Leukocytosis
B) Thrombocytosis
C) Polycythemia vera
D) Transfusion reaction

Accepted Answer

A positive direct Coombs test indicates that the patient's red blood cells are coated with antibodies, which can occur in conditions like autoimmune hemolytic anemia or a transfusion reaction, where the body is reacting against transfused blood.

Question 5

The nurse is caring for a client who has leukemia. Which blood test result for white blood cells (WBCs) is useful in diagnosing and monitoring the response to treatment for this condition?
A) Monocytosis
B) Lymphocytosis
C) Absolute polycythemia
D) Low platelet count

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytosis, which is an increase in lymphocytes, can be indicative of leukemia. Leukemia often involves the proliferation of lymphocytes or other white blood cells, making this test useful for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response.

Question 6

The nurse is explaining the parts of a complete blood count (CBC) to a client having blood work done. Which parts are in this series of tests? Select all that apply.
A) RBC count
B) Hematocrit
C) Prothrombin time
D) Hemoglobin
E) Blood smear
F) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Accepted Answer

A complete blood count (CBC) typically includes the RBC count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and a blood smear. Prothrombin time and erythrocyte sedimentation rate are not part of a CBC.

Question 7

A client is scheduled for a bleeding time test. For which reasons is this test is performed? Select all that apply.
A) Detect platelet disorders
B) Diagnose infections
C) Evaluate for capillary defects
D) Diagnose inflammatory processes
E) Diagnose autoimmune conditions
F) Determine ability to stop bleeding

Accepted Answer

The bleeding time test is used to assess the primary phase of hemostasis, which involves the ability of platelets to form a plug and capillaries' integrity to stop bleeding. It helps detect platelet disorders (A), evaluate for capillary defects (C), and determine the body's ability to stop bleeding (F). It is not specifically used to diagnose infections, inflammatory processes, or autoimmune conditions.

Question 8

A blood culture is ordered for a client with pneumonia to discover the presence of bacteria in the blood and to choose an antibiotic. Which is a key nursing intervention when this test is ordered?
A) Notify the laboratory when the client's temperature elevates.
B) Start antibiotic therapy before obtaining a blood culture.
C) Notify the physician if the client's condition worsens.
D) Ensure that the client lies still when the test is being performed.

Accepted Answer

Blood cultures should ideally be drawn when the client's temperature is elevated, as this is when bacteria are most likely to be present in the bloodstream.

Question 9

For which client would a transfusion of colloid solutions be recommended?
A) A client with stage 3 blood pressure
B) A client who is in respiratory distress
C) A client with hypotension related to hemorrhage
D) A client who is having an MI

Accepted Answer

Colloid solutions are recommended for clients with hypotension related to hemorrhage because they help restore blood volume, which is crucial for maintaining blood pressure and ensuring adequate tissue perfusion.

Question 10

When assessing a client who requires transfusion of a colloid solution, the nurse observes edema of the whole body. Which term is used to describe this condition?
A) Petechiae
B) Anasarca
C) Ecchymosis
D) Diaphoresis

Accepted Answer

Anasarca is the term used to describe severe, generalized edema of the whole body, which is consistent with the condition observed in the client requiring a transfusion of a colloid solution.

Question 11

The nurse is preparing to administer a blood transfusion to a client who experienced postoperative hemorrhaging. Which guideline should be followed for this procedure?
A) Three licensed personnel must identify the client.
B) Two licensed personnel must identify the unit of blood.
C) The client should wear only the hospital ID band provided at admission.
D) The nurse should ask the client what his or her blood type is before the transfusion.

Accepted Answer

Two licensed personnel must verify the unit of blood to ensure the correct blood is given to the correct patient, reducing the risk of transfusion errors.

Question 12

The nurse is providing preoperative teaching for a client regarding blood transfusions. Which type of blood donation would be safest for the client?
A) Perioperative blood infusion
B) Directed blood donation
C) Community blood bank
D) Autologous blood donation

Accepted Answer

Autologous blood donation, where the client donates their own blood for use during or after surgery, is considered the safest option because it eliminates the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections and immune reactions.

Question 13

The nurse explains to a client receiving packed RBCs that the blood product is produced by centrifuging (spinning) whole blood, which forces the RBCs to the bottom of the container. For which client would packed RBCs be the best choice?
A) A client who has anemia
B) A client who has massive acute hemorrhaging
C) A client with thrombocytopenia
D) A client with hypovolemic shock

Accepted Answer

Packed RBCs are primarily used to treat anemia because they increase the red blood cell count and improve oxygen-carrying capacity without significantly increasing blood volume.

Question 14

A nurse is monitoring a blood transfusion for a client following major surgery. Which guideline should be followed for a blood transfusion procedure?
A) Store and preserve blood in the nursing unit before infusion.
B) Avoid the joint administration of 0.9% saline and blood.
C) Document vital signs during the transfusion.
D) Get one licensed person to identify the unit of blood.

Accepted Answer

Blood transfusions require careful monitoring, including the documentation of the patient's vital signs during the transfusion to detect any adverse reactions or complications early.

Question 15

Which client would be a candidate for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?
A) A client with anemia
B) A client with severe hemorrhaging
C) A client with leukemia
D) A client with a bleeding disorder

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is primarily used to treat various forms of cancer, including leukemia, by replacing the diseased or damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells. This can help the body produce healthy blood cells and improve the patient's condition.

Question 16

A client diagnosed with leukemia is receiving high-dose chemotherapy to kill cancerous cells and promote sites for new noncancerous cells to grow before bone marrow transplant. For what complication of chemotherapy is this client at risk?
A) Seizures
B) Infections
C) Polycythemia
D) Anemia

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapy can suppress the immune system, making the client more susceptible to infections.

Question 17

The nurse is monitoring a client diagnosed with leukemia. When performing a physical assessment, what condition would the nurse document as a sign of abnormal bleeding?
A) Headaches
B) Petechiae
C) Cyanosis
D) Jaundice

Accepted Answer

Petechiae are small, red or purple spots on the body, caused by a minor bleed from broken capillary blood vessels, often associated with abnormal bleeding conditions such as leukemia.

Question 18

A client who is a heavy smoker is living in a high-altitude area. A red blood cell count confirms a diagnosis of secondary polycythemia. What condition causes this blood disorder?
A) Lung cancer
B) Leukemia
C) Hypertension
D) Hypoxia

Accepted Answer

Secondary polycythemia is often caused by hypoxia, which can result from living at high altitudes or from chronic smoking, both of which lead to decreased oxygen levels in the blood, prompting the body to produce more red blood cells to increase oxygen delivery.

Question 19

Why should the nurse encourage the client prescribed an iron supplement to eat a high- fiber diet?
A) Increases the absorption of iron supplements
B) Decreases the side effects of iron supplements
C) Enhances the effects of oral iron supplements
D) Minimizes the unpleasant taste of the iron supplement

Accepted Answer

Iron supplements can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as constipation. A high-fiber diet can help decrease these side effects by promoting regular bowel movements.

Question 20

Which term is used to describe a decrease in the RBCs, WBCs, and platelet count?
A) Pancytopenia
B) Leukopenia
C) Thrombocytopenia
D) Granulocytopenia

Accepted Answer

Pancytopenia is the term used to describe a decrease in the red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets, affecting all major types of blood cells.

Quiz 82: Cancer

The nurse is documenting the blood type of a newborn as "type O." Which statement describes the antigens and antibodies related to this blood type?

The nurse is preparing a transfusion for a client with type AB blood. Which blood type is considered the universal donor?

In which disease would the D antigen be particularly important?

The nurse is reading the laboratory results of a client with a blood disorder and notes there is a positive direct Coombs test. Which condition might this test result signify?

The nurse is caring for a client who has leukemia. Which blood test result for white blood cells (WBCs) is useful in diagnosing and monitoring the response to treatment for this condition?

The nurse is explaining the parts of a complete blood count (CBC) to a client having blood work done. Which parts are in this series of tests? Select all that apply.

A client is scheduled for a bleeding time test. For which reasons is this test is performed? Select all that apply.

A blood culture is ordered for a client with pneumonia to discover the presence of bacteria in the blood and to choose an antibiotic. Which is a key nursing intervention when this test is ordered?

For which client would a transfusion of colloid solutions be recommended?

When assessing a client who requires transfusion of a colloid solution, the nurse observes edema of the whole body. Which term is used to describe this condition?

The nurse is preparing to administer a blood transfusion to a client who experienced postoperative hemorrhaging. Which guideline should be followed for this procedure?

The nurse is providing preoperative teaching for a client regarding blood transfusions. Which type of blood donation would be safest for the client?

The nurse explains to a client receiving packed RBCs that the blood product is produced by centrifuging (spinning) whole blood, which forces the RBCs to the bottom of the container. For which client would packed RBCs be the best choice?

A nurse is monitoring a blood transfusion for a client following major surgery. Which guideline should be followed for a blood transfusion procedure?

Which client would be a candidate for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?

A client diagnosed with leukemia is receiving high-dose chemotherapy to kill cancerous cells and promote sites for new noncancerous cells to grow before bone marrow transplant. For what complication of chemotherapy is this client at risk?

The nurse is monitoring a client diagnosed with leukemia. When performing a physical assessment, what condition would the nurse document as a sign of abnormal bleeding?

A client who is a heavy smoker is living in a high-altitude area. A red blood cell count confirms a diagnosis of secondary polycythemia. What condition causes this blood disorder?

Why should the nurse encourage the client prescribed an iron supplement to eat a high- fiber diet?

Which term is used to describe a decrease in the RBCs, WBCs, and platelet count?