Question 1

A 35-year-old female client is diagnosed with a benign breast tumor. Which characteristic of benign tumors differentiates them from malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Benign tumors are typically encapsulated, which helps differentiate them from malignant tumors. This encapsulation often makes them easier to remove surgically and less likely to invade surrounding tissues.

Question 2

From which type of tissue do carcinomas develop?

Accepted Answer

Carcinomas develop from epithelial tissue, which lines the inner and outer surfaces of the body, including the skin, glands, and digestive tract.

Question 3

Which carcinogen may cause cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-established cause of cervical cancer. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV types is the primary risk factor for the development of cervical cancer.

Question 4

A 60-year-old male client is diagnosed with stage II prostate cancer. Which statement describes this stage of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Stage II prostate cancer is characterized by tumors that have intermediate phases of differentiation, indicating they are not as aggressive as higher stages but are more advanced than the earliest stage.

Question 5

A nurse is emphasizing the importance of early detection of breast carcinoma to a female client who has come for her first screening. Which recommendation should the nurse make to this client?

Accepted Answer

CA) Breast ultrasonography can be an important tool for women at increased risk for breast cancer, especially for those with dense breast tissue where mammograms might not be as effective.C) Clinical breast examination (CBE) is recommended annually as part of a regular health exam, starting at age 20, to detect any abnormalities or changes in the breast tissue.

Question 6

A nurse is assisting clients at a colorectal cancer screening program. Which client should be encouraged undergo screening on a regular basis?

Accepted Answer

Crohn disease is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, making regular screening important for individuals with a personal history of this condition.

Question 7

A 34-year-old client has had three normal Pap test results in a row. The client wants to know if she needs to undergo Pap tests every year. How often should the nurse recommend that this client undergo cervical cancer screening?

Accepted Answer

According to the current guidelines, women aged 21 to 65 years should have a Pap test every 3 years if they have had normal Pap test results. This recommendation is based on evidence that more frequent testing does not significantly increase the detection of cancerous changes but may lead to unnecessary interventions and anxiety.

Question 8

The nurse is presenting a lecture during a community health fair regarding the incidence and prevention of cancer. Which cancer would the nurse list as the leading cause of death in men and women?

Accepted Answer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women, making it the most lethal cancer worldwide due to its high incidence and mortality rate.

Question 9

The nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with prostate cancer. What type of tumor marker indicates this malignancy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is caring for a client...

Question 10

A nurse is documenting the laboratory reports and blood studies of a client with a diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Which tumor marker would be increased in this client?

Accepted Answer

The Philadelphia chromosome is a specific genetic abnormality associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). It results from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, and its presence is a hallmark of CML, making it a critical tumor marker for this disease.

Question 11

A client's laboratory results indicate an increase in the tumor marker serum ferritin. What condition would the nurse suspect?

Accepted Answer

Serum ferritin is a tumor marker that can be elevated in various conditions, including liver diseases and cancers such as hepatoma (liver cancer). It is not specifically associated with multiple myeloma, lymphoma, or thyroid cancer in the context of being a direct tumor marker for these conditions.

Question 12

A client with symptoms of a malignant disease in the central nervous system is undergoing tests to confirm a diagnosis. Which test would be the best choice to confirm disease in this body system?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best choice for confirming diseases in the central nervous system because it provides detailed images of the brain and spinal cord, allowing for a precise diagnosis of malignant conditions.

Question 13

A client is undergoing surgery for an en bloc resection to remove a tumor of the neck. Which describes this type of surgery?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client is undergoing surgery for an...

Question 14

A nurse is caring for a 62-year-old female client diagnosed with metastatic endometrial carcinoma receiving radiation therapy. What nursing consideration should be employed when caring for the skin of this client?

Accepted Answer

Radiation therapy can make the skin very sensitive. Using only plain, tepid water on the irradiated skin is recommended to avoid further irritation or damage. Other options may either not provide enough protection, potentially irritate the skin, or are not recommended practices for skin care in patients receiving radiation therapy.

Question 15

The nurse is providing care for a client undergoing chemotherapy for throat cancer. Which nursing consideration is appropriate for this client?

Accepted Answer

Clients undergoing chemotherapy often experience weight loss and malnutrition, so a high-calorie, high-protein diet can help maintain their nutritional status and support recovery.

Question 16

A client is prescribed rituximab to enhance substances within the immune system to kill cancer cells. What category of biological response modifiers (BRMs) is the client taking?

Accepted Answer

Rituximab is a type of monoclonal antibody, which is a category of biological response modifiers (BRMs) designed to target specific cells in the immune system to treat cancer and other diseases.

Question 17

A 56-year-old client is diagnosed with aplastic anemia. The nurse is preparing to administer a biological response modifier (BRM) to enhance the immune system. Which type of BRM is typically used for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) are typically used in the treatment of aplastic anemia to stimulate the bone marrow to produce blood cells, which is crucial in a condition where the bone marrow fails to produce adequate amounts of blood cells.

Question 18

A client diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer is put on monoclonal antibody therapy. For which side effect should the nurse carefully monitor when caring for this client?

Accepted Answer

Monoclonal antibody therapy can trigger immune responses, including severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis. Nurses should monitor for signs of an allergic reaction, including difficulty breathing, hives, and swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Question 19

The nurse is administering a swish-and-swallow solution to a client who has stomatitis related to chemotherapy. Which is a nursing consideration for this treatment?

Accepted Answer

Swishing and swallowing a solution for stomatitis, especially related to chemotherapy, aims to coat the mouth and throat to alleviate pain and aid in healing. Swallowing only small amounts ensures that the medication effectively coats the mouth without causing discomfort or risk of aspiration. Vigorous brushing, using commercial mouthwash, or flossing could further irritate the already sensitive oral tissues and are not recommended immediately following this treatment.

Question 20

The nurse caring for clients with various cancers knows that which reported symptom is the most distressing, second only to pain?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue is often reported by patients with cancer as the most distressing symptom after pain. It can significantly impact quality of life and limit the ability to perform daily activities.

Quiz 83: Allergic, Immune, and Autoimmune Disorders