Question 1

The old saying that "the nail that stands up gets pounded down" most likely developed in a ____ culture.

Accepted Answer

The saying "the nail that stands up gets pounded down" reflects the cultural value of collectivism, where conformity and harmony within the group are prioritized over individual achievement and standing out. This saying suggests that standing out from the group may lead to negative consequences, which is a common belief in collectivist cultures.

Question 2

Rod believes that some college students are independent go-getters and that other college students are more dependent on family approval than on personal achievement.The former group seems to hold ____ values whereas the latter group holds ____ values.

Accepted Answer

The first group of college students who are independent go-getters are more likely to hold individualist values, meaning that they prioritize personal achievements and goals over group harmony and social conformity. On the other hand, the second group of college students who are more dependent on family approval are more likely to hold collectivist values, meaning that they prioritize the needs and expectations of their family and community over their personal desires and ambitions. Therefore, the best answer is B) individualist; collectivist.

Question 3

A person from a collectivist culture just made a big play in a sporting event that allowed that person's team to win.What behavior will that person most likely perform after the win?

Accepted Answer

In collectivist cultures, individuals tend to prioritize the success of the group over their personal achievement. Therefore, the person who made the big play is more likely to emphasize the work of the whole team because they believe that the team's success is a collective effort. Celebrating alone or bragging about their personal achievement would not align with the collectivist values of the culture. Shouting "I'm number one!" is also not common because it highlights individual achievement rather than group success.

Question 4

Which of the following is universal in all cultures?

Accepted Answer

Smile recognition is a universal form of nonverbal communication across cultures. It is a social signal that conveys friendliness, approachability, and positivity. This has been demonstrated in cross-cultural studies where people from different cultures were able to recognize and interpret smiles accurately. Gender equity, racial diversity, and social class are not universal in all cultures as they can vary depending on socio-cultural factors.

Question 5

Which belief would a collectivist society support?

Accepted Answer

A collectivist society places importance on the group or community over the individual, and therefore values the idea of restraining one's self to be a part of the social unit. Personal effort leading to success (A) and self-expression (D) are more aligned with individualistic values. While recognizing personal potential and obligations to others (C) may be important, it is not necessarily a belief that would be held only by a collectivist society.

Question 6

Although Kwan Li loves his family and friends,he believes that his own beliefs and dreams are the most important things determining his future.He is willing to compete with others to realize his potential.Kwan Li has most likely been socialized in a(n)____ culture.

Accepted Answer

Kwan Li values his own beliefs and dreams above those of his family and friends, indicating that he prioritizes individual achievement over collective harmony. This aligns with the values of individualist cultures, which prioritize personal goals and autonomy over group goals and interdependence. Collectivist cultures, on the other hand, prioritize group harmony and interdependence over individual goals. Idiocentric and allocentric are not commonly used cultural dimensions and are not appropriate choices in this context.

Question 7

When Allison's father passed away,Allison decided that her mother should come to live with her.Jameson's father also passed away,but he decided that his mother should live in a nursing home.Based only on this information,Allison is probably from a(n)____ culture and Jameson is probably from a(n)____ culture.

Accepted Answer

Allison's decision to have her mother come and live with her indicates a collectivist culture where family members are expected to take care of each other. On the other hand, Jameson's decision to have his mother live in a nursing home suggests an individualist culture where people prioritize personal autonomy and individual choices. Therefore, the best answer is C- collectivist; individualist.

Question 8

Which statementwould be most likely to be spoken by a member of a collectivist culture?

Accepted Answer

The statement "I must make my family proud" reflects a mindset of thinking about one's actions in the context of how it will impact and benefit one's family or group, which is characteristic of collectivist cultures. Statements A, B, and D prioritize individual achievement and success over the needs of the group, which is more common in individualist cultures.

Question 9

An industrial and organizational psychologist doing cross-cultural work finds that in Australia,the workers have the highest job satisfaction when they are rewarded for accomplishing more and better-quality work than their co-workers.Australia probably has a(n)____ culture.

Accepted Answer

The fact that workers in Australia derive satisfaction from being rewarded for individual achievement suggests that Australia has an individualistic culture, which places high value on personal achievement, competition, and individual rewards. Collectivist cultures, on the other hand, tend to emphasize group harmony and cohesion over individual achievement. Communist and democratic are political systems, not cultural orientations.

Question 10

Kari wants to win and gets upset when she loses in sports.She also tries not to wear the same types of clothes that other people wear.Despite her attempts to be unique,she often feels lonely.Kari is most likely from a(n)____ culture.

Accepted Answer

Kari's emphasis on winning and desire for uniqueness suggests a focus on individual achievement and standing out from others, which are characteristics of individualistic cultures. Additionally, her feelings of loneliness may result from a greater emphasis on independence and self-reliance in such cultures.

Question 11

Ben believes very strongly in being competitive and doing what is necessary for his own goals.He sees himself as being an important business leader one day.Ben is most likely a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

Ben's strong belief in being competitive and his focus on his own goals indicate that he prioritizes his individual success over the collective. This aligns with the values and attitudes of individualism.

Question 12

Latasha works for a multinational corporation.She must report to executives from a collectivist culture about the status of a project conducted by her group.To communicate in the most appropriate way to these executives,what should she say?

Accepted Answer

Collectivist cultures value working together as a group and prioritize group harmony over individual success. Therefore, Latasha should communicate that the group is performing well together, rather than emphasizing her own individual achievements or control over the group. The statement about the project being completed on time is also acceptable as it emphasizes achieving a common goal as a group.

Question 13

Randy is a great football player who would rather be named the most valuable player of the league than have his team win a particular football game.Randy is likely from a(n)____ culture.

Accepted Answer

Randy's focus on individual recognition rather than team success suggests that he comes from an individualist culture which prioritizes personal achievement and recognition over group goals.

Question 14

Jack believes that his success in math is based on hard work,but he believes his difficulties in history are based on an unfair professor.Jack is likely from a(n)____ culture.

Accepted Answer

Jack's belief in the importance of hard work and his tendency to blame external factors for his difficulties in history suggest an individualistic culture, where individuals are often held responsible for their successes and failures. In contrast, collectivist cultures prioritize group success over individual achievement and may be less likely to ascribe individual success or failure to personal effort alone.

Question 15

Elvira must decide between two jobs,one in Alaska and one in Hawaii.The job in Alaska will require her to give up her own goal of living in a warmer climate,but it would honor her family's preference that she live near them.Elvira will be most likely to accept the job in Alaska if she identifies with the values of a(n)____ culture.

Accepted Answer

Collectivist cultures prioritize the needs and goals of the group or family over individual desires. In this case, Elvira's family's preference for her to live near them would hold more weight than her own personal goal of living in a warmer climate. Therefore, if Elvira identifies with collectivist values, she would likely choose the job in Alaska to honor her family's wishes.

Question 16

You are looking for a psychologist to help you cope with your depression.Dr.Joellet explains that your depression is the result of norepinephrine imbalances in your brain.Dr.Graham states that your depression is due to your thinking negative thoughts.Dr.Turnquet explains that since you enjoy watching TV and spend more time watching TV when you are depressed,you will continue being depressed.Dr.Joellet is using the ____ approach,Dr.Graham is using the ____ approach,and Dr.Turnquet is using the _____ approach.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Joelle's explanation points towards the biological approach, which focuses on chemical imbalances in the brain. Dr. Graham's approach refers to negative thinking, which aligns with the cognitive approach. Dr. Turnquet's theory suggests that a behavior, such as watching television, is causing and maintaining depression, which is in line with the behavioral approach. Therefore, the best choice is B, which correctly matches each approach with the respective psychologist.

Question 17

Your friend Isha never complains about being lonely but often expresses her worries about being rejected by her network of friends and family.Her attitudes are typical of someone raised in a(n)____ country.

Accepted Answer

The attitudes expressed by Isha suggest that she values her connections with others and fears losing their acceptance. This is a characteristic of a collectivist culture, where the group is prioritized over the individual. In such cultures, loneliness may not be explicitly discussed as much as concerns about social harmony and fitting in.

Question 18

Which research question would be least likely to focus on sociocultural variables?

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural variables refer to the influence of culture, society, and social norms on behavior, attitudes, and beliefs. Option C asks about instinctual behavior, which is not necessarily influenced by sociocultural variables. The other options ask about intimate relationships, parenting styles, and grieving, which are all influenced by sociocultural factors.

Question 19

A commercial tells Mary to "Be all that you can be!" This statement most closely mirrors the philosophy of the ____ approach.

Accepted Answer

The humanistic approach emphasizes self-actualization and personal growth, encouraging individuals to strive to be their best selves. The statement "Be all that you can be" aligns with this philosophy, as it emphasizes the idea of reaching one's full potential.

Question 20

An advertising campaign aimed at getting consumers to buy a product because it will make them different from others would probably be most successful in ____ cultures.

Accepted Answer

Individualist cultures place a high value on standing out and being unique. Therefore, an advertising campaign that emphasizes how a product can make an individual different from others would likely resonate well with consumers in individualist cultures. In contrast, collectivist cultures prioritize group harmony and fitting in, and may be less responsive to messages encouraging individuality. Activist and communist cultures focus more on social and political change than personal expression, making an individualistic advertising campaign less effective.

Quiz 1: Introduction to the Science of Psychology

The old saying that "the nail that stands up gets pounded down" most likely developed in a ____ culture.

Rod believes that some college students are independent go-getters and that other college students are more dependent on family approval than on personal achievement.The former group seems to hold values whereas the latter group holds values.

A person from a collectivist culture just made a big play in a sporting event that allowed that person's team to win.What behavior will that person most likely perform after the win?

Which of the following is universal in all cultures?

Which belief would a collectivist society support?

Although Kwan Li loves his family and friends,he believes that his own beliefs and dreams are the most important things determining his future.He is willing to compete with others to realize his potential.Kwan Li has most likely been socialized in a(n) ____ culture.

Which statementwould be most likely to be spoken by a member of a collectivist culture?

An industrial and organizational psychologist doing cross-cultural work finds that in Australia,the workers have the highest job satisfaction when they are rewarded for accomplishing more and better-quality work than their co-workers.Australia probably has a(n) ____ culture.

Kari wants to win and gets upset when she loses in sports.She also tries not to wear the same types of clothes that other people wear.Despite her attempts to be unique,she often feels lonely.Kari is most likely from a(n) ____ culture.

Ben believes very strongly in being competitive and doing what is necessary for his own goals.He sees himself as being an important business leader one day.Ben is most likely a(n) ____.

Latasha works for a multinational corporation.She must report to executives from a collectivist culture about the status of a project conducted by her group.To communicate in the most appropriate way to these executives,what should she say?

Randy is a great football player who would rather be named the most valuable player of the league than have his team win a particular football game.Randy is likely from a(n) ____ culture.

Jack believes that his success in math is based on hard work,but he believes his difficulties in history are based on an unfair professor.Jack is likely from a(n) ____ culture.

Your friend Isha never complains about being lonely but often expresses her worries about being rejected by her network of friends and family.Her attitudes are typical of someone raised in a(n) ____ country.

Which research question would be least likely to focus on sociocultural variables?

A commercial tells Mary to "Be all that you can be!" This statement most closely mirrors the philosophy of the ____ approach.

An advertising campaign aimed at getting consumers to buy a product because it will make them different from others would probably be most successful in ____ cultures.