Question 1

Rashaun watches his toy disappear behind the couch and immediately looks away toward another toy.According to Piaget,Rashaun is most likely ____year(s)of age and in the ____ stage.
A) one; sensorimotor
B) one; preoperational
C) three; sensorimotor
D) three; preoperational

Accepted Answer

Rashaun's behavior is indicative of a lack of object permanence, which is a key concept in Piaget's sensorimotor stage. This stage typically occurs from birth to about 2 years of age. Since Rashaun immediately looks away toward another toy when his toy disappears, it suggests he does not understand that the toy continues to exist even when out of sight, a realization that usually develops by the end of the sensorimotor stage. Therefore, being about one year of age and in the sensorimotor stage fits this description.

Question 2

A child sees a piece of bread go down in a toaster,then turns away believing it no longer exists.According to Piaget,this child has not yet achieved ____ and is in the ____ stage of cognitive development.
A) object permanence; sensorimotor
B) object permanence; preoperational
C) conservation; concrete operational
D) conservation; formal operational

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that an object continues to exist even when it cannot be seen or heard. The child in this scenario believes that the bread no longer exists when they cannot see it. This is a characteristic of the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, which is the first stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 3

Baby Fedelia discovers a red chili-pepper on the floor and calls it "candy." After she puts the chili-pepper in her mouth,she realizes that it is not at all like candy.According to Piaget,this experience will most likely result in ____.
A) object permanence
B) accommodation
C) assimilation
D) conservation

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that when a child encounters new information that doesn't fit with their existing schema (in this case, the expectation that all small colorful items are candy), they must either assimilate the new information into their existing schema or create a new schema altogether (accommodation). In this scenario, the child realizes that the chili-pepper is not like candy, which suggests an accommodation in her understanding of what objects are edible.

Question 4

Hannah's behavior depends largely on reflexes rather than on voluntary control over her movements.Hannah is most likely ____.
A) less than six months old
B) six to twelve months old
C) twelve to eighteen months old
D) eighteen to twenty-four months old

Accepted Answer

The concept of reflexes is most prominent in infants under six months old. As Hannah's behavior largely depends on reflexes, she is most likely less than six months old.

Question 5

Jean Piaget explained that people form generalizations as they experience the world,which help them to organize past experiences and provide a framework for understanding future experiences.These generalizations are called ____.
A) scripts
B) periods
C) schemas
D) stages

Accepted Answer

Piaget referred to these generalizations as schemas.

Question 6

Shaina starts crying because she thinks that her brother has disappeared,when in fact he just put on his Halloween mask.Piaget would say that Shaina is in the ____ stage and has not yet achieved ____.
A) sensorimotor; object permanence
B) sensorimotor; conservation
C) preoperational; object permanence
D) preoperational; conservation

Accepted Answer

Shaina is in the sensorimotor stage and has not yet achieved object permanence. Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. Shaina does not yet have this understanding, which is why she thinks her brother has disappeared when he simply puts on his Halloween mask.

Question 7

According to Piaget,the end of the sensorimotor stage is marked by the ____.
A) disappearance of egocentrism
B) mastery of conservation tasks
C) appearance of logical thought
D) ability to form mental representations

Accepted Answer

The end of the sensorimotor stage, according to Piaget, is marked by the ability to form mental representations, which includes the development of object permanence.

Question 8

When Katie's grandpa shows her a group of ten hogs and three cattle and asks her,"Are there more hogs or more animals?" Katie responds by saying,"There are more animals,Grandpa." One year earlier,she would have said that there were more hogs.According to Piaget's theory,it is most likely that Katie is currently in which stage?
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operational
D) postconventional

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory, children in the concrete operational stage (ages 7-11) understand conservation and the idea that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in appearance. Therefore, Katie's ability to recognize that there are more animals now despite the addition of only three cattle suggests that she is in the concrete operational stage. In contrast, children in the preoperational stage (ages 2-7) tend to focus on appearances rather than underlying properties and may have said there were more hogs because that is what they saw.

Question 9

Tamara,a four-year-old,goes to see a movie at the theatre with her parents.As the movie begins playing,she is amazed by the size of the screen and tells her parents,"We need to get a TV that big at home." Tamara has fit the movie screen into her "TV" schema through ____.
A) scripting
B) generalized event representations
C) accommodation
D) assimilation

Accepted Answer

Tamara has assimilated the movie screen into her existing schema of a TV, as she perceives them as similar in function (displaying visual media).

Question 10

George dumps a bag of marbles onto the ground,scattering the marbles all over.He tells his mother that there are more marbles now.George is demonstrating that he has not achieved the concept of ____.
A) object permanence
B) accommodation
C) symbols
D) conservation

Accepted Answer

George's behavior indicates that he has not yet developed the concept of conservation, which refers to the understanding that an object's properties (such as its quantity) remain the same despite changes in appearance or arrangement. Dumping out the marbles and seeing them scattered may have made it seem like there were more marbles to George, when in fact the quantity had not changed. Object permanence refers to the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight, while accommodation and symbols refer to other aspects of cognitive development.

Question 11

Rachel can sort objects by size or color and can solve simple addition and subtraction problems.However,she cannot think logically about abstract ideas such as freedom and justice.Rachel is most likely in Piaget's ____ stage of cognitive development.
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operational
D) formal operational

Accepted Answer

Rachel's ability to sort objects by size or color and solve simple addition and subtraction problems indicates that she is in Piaget's concrete operational stage. This stage, typically occurring between ages 7 and 11, is characterized by the development of logical thought concerning concrete objects but a difficulty in understanding abstract or hypothetical concepts, which aligns with Rachel's described abilities and limitations.

Question 12

Magdelana is a newborn who lives with both parents and is being breast-fed.Which statement most accurately describes her senses?
A) Her vision is as sharp as it will ever be.
B) Magdelana can hear as well as the average adult.
C) She has developed a preference for the scent of her mother, compared to the scent of other women.
D) She has a preference for low-pitched sounds and voices.

Accepted Answer

Newborns have a highly developed sense of smell and are able to recognize the scent of their mother, which can also help them locate the breast for feeding. However, their vision is not fully developed and they have a preference for high-pitched sounds and voices, not low-pitched ones. They also cannot hear as well as the average adult.

Question 13

Veruca's mother is buying breakfast cereal.Even though there is more cereal in the wide plastic containers than in the tall,thin boxes,Veruca cries,"I want the box,Mommy,because I want more!" According to Piaget,Veruca has not yet mastered ____,which means she is probably in the ____ stage of cognitive development.
A) conservation; concrete operational
B) conservation; preoperational
C) object permanence; concrete operational
D) object permanence; preoperational

Accepted Answer

Veruca's inability to understand conservation, which means understanding that the quantity of a substance remains the same even if its shape or container changes, is characteristic of children in the preoperational stage of cognitive development according to Piaget. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 2 and 7, during which children develop language and the ability to think symbolically but are still limited in their ability to understand abstract or logical concepts. Veruca's desire for the box because it looks like more despite there being more cereal in the plastic container suggests that she has not yet achieved conservation.

Question 14

Cathy and Sherri must finish all of their vegetables before they can have dessert.Cathy complains that Sherri doesn't have as much to finish as she does,even though both girls actually have the same amount on their plate (Cathy's vegetables were just more spread out).Cathy's error stems from a failure to understand the concept of ____.
A) conservation
B) complementarity
C) concrete operations
D) object permanence

Accepted Answer

The concept of conservation refers to the understanding that certain characteristics of an object, such as its weight or volume, remain the same even when its appearance has changed. In this case, Cathy is not able to conserve the quantity of vegetables on both plates because she is only considering their appearance and not their actual amount.

Question 15

When little Augustus is given his first vitamin pill,he says,"Yea!!! Candy!!!!" According to Piaget,this is an example of ____.
A) assimilation
B) accommodation
C) egocentrism
D) object permanence

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, assimilation is the process of interpreting new information based on existing knowledge or schemas. In this case, Augustus is assimilating his first vitamin pill to candy, which is something he already knows and enjoys.

Question 16

Ronnie likes to play with his uncle Steve because his uncle always has new magic tricks.However,Ronnie has difficulty understanding how Steve can be his mother's brother as well as Uncle Steve.Ronnie's thinking is most characteristic of the ____ stage of cognitive development.
A) concrete operational
B) formal operational
C) sensorimotor
D) preoperational

Accepted Answer

Ronnie's difficulty in understanding how his uncle can be both his mother's brother and Uncle Steve suggests that he has not yet developed the concept of conservation or understand relationships between different individuals. This is typical of the preoperational stage of cognitive development.

Question 17

Andrea has a box of crayons.If Andrea is in the preoperational stage described by Piaget,which action is she most likely to take with the crayons?
A) Put the crayons in her mouth.
B) Draw a picture of her family dog.
C) Complete her long-division homework.
D) Write a poem about freedom.

Accepted Answer

During the preoperational stage, which typically occurs from ages 2 to 7, children engage in symbolic play and learn to manipulate symbols. Drawing a picture, such as of a family dog, is a common activity that reflects their growing ability to use symbols and imagination, which are key characteristics of this stage.

Question 18

Nathan,who is three years old,tried to feed a cookie to his sister's hamster and was surprised when the hamster refused to eat the cookie.Because Nathan assumed that hamsters like the same kinds of food as little kids,his schema for hamsters needs to be ____,according to Piaget.
A) expanded
B) organized
C) assimilated
D) accommodated

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory, when new experiences do not fit into existing schemas, they must be accommodated by creating new schemas or altering existing ones. Nathan's assumption about the hamster's food preferences did not fit with his existing schema, so he needs to accommodate his schema by recognizing that hamsters have different food preferences than little kids. Therefore, the best choice for this scenario is D - accommodated.

Question 19

When you go over to visit your friend's new baby,your friend exclaims,"Watch this! Every time I touch his cheek,he turns his mouth towards my finger!" Because you've taken psychology,you know that this phenomenon is called the ____ reflex.
A) rooting
B) grasping
C) sucking
D) complementary

Accepted Answer

The rooting reflex is a natural reflex seen in newborns, where they turn their head towards a stimulus (such as a touch or movement) on their cheek or mouth in an effort to find a nipple for feeding. This reflex is important for survival and helps infants get the nourishment they need.

Question 20

An infant loses interest in a toy train set every time the train disappears into a long tunnel.This infant must be in Piaget's ____ stage of development.
A) preoperational
B) sensorioperational
C) sensorimotor
D) concrete operational

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, infants from birth to 2 years old are in the sensorimotor stage. During this stage, infants rely heavily on their senses and motor activities to learn about the world around them. Infants in this stage also display object permanence, which means they understand that an object still exists even if it is out of sight. If the infant loses interest in the toy train set every time the train disappears into a long tunnel, it suggests that they have not yet developed object permanence fully. Therefore, the infant must be in the sensorimotor stage of development.

Quiz 11: Human Development

Rashaun watches his toy disappear behind the couch and immediately looks away toward another toy.According to Piaget,Rashaun is most likely year(s) of age and in the stage.

A child sees a piece of bread go down in a toaster,then turns away believing it no longer exists.According to Piaget,this child has not yet achieved and is in the stage of cognitive development.

Baby Fedelia discovers a red chili-pepper on the floor and calls it "candy." After she puts the chili-pepper in her mouth,she realizes that it is not at all like candy.According to Piaget,this experience will most likely result in ____.

Hannah's behavior depends largely on reflexes rather than on voluntary control over her movements.Hannah is most likely ____.

Jean Piaget explained that people form generalizations as they experience the world,which help them to organize past experiences and provide a framework for understanding future experiences.These generalizations are called ____.

Shaina starts crying because she thinks that her brother has disappeared,when in fact he just put on his Halloween mask.Piaget would say that Shaina is in the stage and has not yet achieved .

According to Piaget,the end of the sensorimotor stage is marked by the ____.

Tamara,a four-year-old,goes to see a movie at the theatre with her parents.As the movie begins playing,she is amazed by the size of the screen and tells her parents,"We need to get a TV that big at home." Tamara has fit the movie screen into her "TV" schema through ____.

George dumps a bag of marbles onto the ground,scattering the marbles all over.He tells his mother that there are more marbles now.George is demonstrating that he has not achieved the concept of ____.

Rachel can sort objects by size or color and can solve simple addition and subtraction problems.However,she cannot think logically about abstract ideas such as freedom and justice.Rachel is most likely in Piaget's ____ stage of cognitive development.

Magdelana is a newborn who lives with both parents and is being breast-fed.Which statement most accurately describes her senses?

When little Augustus is given his first vitamin pill,he says,"Yea!!! Candy!!!!" According to Piaget,this is an example of ____.

Ronnie likes to play with his uncle Steve because his uncle always has new magic tricks.However,Ronnie has difficulty understanding how Steve can be his mother's brother as well as Uncle Steve.Ronnie's thinking is most characteristic of the ____ stage of cognitive development.

Andrea has a box of crayons.If Andrea is in the preoperational stage described by Piaget,which action is she most likely to take with the crayons?

Nathan,who is three years old,tried to feed a cookie to his sister's hamster and was surprised when the hamster refused to eat the cookie.Because Nathan assumed that hamsters like the same kinds of food as little kids,his schema for hamsters needs to be ____,according to Piaget.

When you go over to visit your friend's new baby,your friend exclaims,"Watch this! Every time I touch his cheek,he turns his mouth towards my finger!" Because you've taken psychology,you know that this phenomenon is called the ____ reflex.

An infant loses interest in a toy train set every time the train disappears into a long tunnel.This infant must be in Piaget's ____ stage of development.