Question 1

Ethical practice requires the research investigator to

Accepted Answer

Ethical practice in research primarily focuses on protecting participants from any form of harm, including physical and mental discomfort. This is a fundamental principle in research ethics, ensuring the safety and well-being of participants.

Question 2

Currently prevailing legal constraints on educational research include the requirement that

Accepted Answer

The prevailing legal constraints on educational research include protecting the privacy of student participants, which means that unauthorized persons cannot access the names of students involved in the study.

Question 3

Professional associations such as the American Educational Research Association have developed written codes of ethics primarily because

Accepted Answer

Professional associations develop codes of ethics to address increasing public and governmental concerns about the ethical treatment of human subjects in research.

Question 4

Procedures used in educational research to address ethical, legal, and human relations issues are primarily designed to

Accepted Answer

Procedures in educational research concerning ethical, legal, and human relations issues aim to protect participants from potential harm or misuse of power by the researcher, ensuring that their rights and well-being are safeguarded throughout the research process.

Question 5

A valid reason for using deception in some behavioral science research is that

Accepted Answer

Deception is sometimes used in behavioral science research to ensure that participants act naturally and do not alter their behavior due to knowing the study's purpose, which could invalidate the results.

Question 6

It is important to dehoax research participants at the end of an experiment involving deception in order to

Accepted Answer

Dehoaxing is crucial for ethical research practices, especially after deception, to mitigate any potential negative effects on participants by clarifying the deception and its purpose. This process helps in ensuring that the deception does not cause any lasting harm to the participants.

Question 7

Desensitizing research participants after an experiment typically involves

Accepted Answer

Desensitizing research participants after an experiment often involves explaining how their behavior was influenced by the specific conditions or circumstances present in the experiment, helping to alleviate any distress or confusion they might feel about their actions or the study's findings.

Question 8

The main function of an institutional review board is to

Accepted Answer

The primary role of an institutional review board (IRB) is to review research proposals to ensure that the rights, welfare, and privacy of human subjects are protected and that risks have been considered and minimized. This includes ensuring that participants are provided with informed consent and that the research adheres to ethical standards.

Question 9

Proposals for research that are defined by federal regulations as eligible for expedited review are those that

Accepted Answer

Expedited review is designated for research proposals that involve minimal risk to participants, not necessarily based on the source of funding, the number of participants, or the location of the research.

Question 10

To reduce the potential vulnerability of the members of a research population of interest, a researcher should consider

Accepted Answer

The answer of To reduce the potential vulnerability of the...

Question 11

The best solution to avoid the ethical issue resulting from the control group being deprived of the perceived benefits of an experimental treatment is to

Accepted Answer

Scheduling the control group for the same treatment after data collection has been completed allows all participants to potentially benefit from the treatment, thus addressing the ethical concern of depriving the control group of the perceived benefits. This approach is known as a delayed treatment or wait-list control design and is often used in clinical trials to ethically manage control groups.

Question 12

Disseminating research results in the "least publishable unit"rather than as a coherent whole is unethical because

Accepted Answer

Publishing in the "least publishable unit" is considered unethical because it can distort the overall meaning of the research, inflate the perceived contribution of the authors, and inefficiently use limited publication space, thereby affecting the availability for other researchers.

Question 13

Match each of the following procedures that is used to protect research participants with the appropriate example of that procedure.
-Describe the conditions of participants' participation in the study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each of the following procedures that...

Question 14

Match each of the following procedures that is used to protect research participants with the appropriate example of that procedure.
-Ensure that participants can exercise their right to withdraw from the study at any time.

Accepted Answer

Asking, "Would you like to stop now?" directly addresses the participants' right to withdraw from the study at any time.

Question 15

Match each of the following procedures that is used to protect research participants with the appropriate example of that procedure.
-Protect participants' privacy and confidentiality.

Accepted Answer

Telling participants at the outset who will have access to the data directly relates to protecting their privacy and confidentiality by informing them how their information will be handled and who will be able to see it.

Question 16

Match each of the following procedures that is used to protect research participants with the appropriate example of that procedure.
-Assess the risk-benefit ratio.

Accepted Answer

Assessing the risk-benefit ratio involves evaluating potential risks and benefits of the research, which is done by reviewing existing literature to identify any unanticipated side effects of the proposed treatment.

Question 17

Match each of the following procedures that is used to protect research participants with the appropriate example of that procedure.
-Apply safeguards when using deception.

Accepted Answer

Debriefing participants by explaining that their behavior was not unusual is a safeguard used when deception is involved in a study.

Question 18

A major advantage of using a coding or linkage system to ensure the confidentiality of data on human research participants is that

Accepted Answer

Using a coding or linkage system allows researchers to re-identify participants if needed, for reasons such as non-response or misunderstanding instructions, while still protecting their confidentiality.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a legitimate request for the researcher to agree to when seeking approval of a research project from school personnel?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 20

A research project involved individual administration of a new measure of nonverbal intelligence to low achieving children. The test identified a number of children with previously undiagnosed learning deficits. This example illustrates

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates the advantages to the school district of research that uses special measures, as it helped identify children with learning deficits that were previously undiagnosed, potentially allowing for targeted interventions and support.

Quiz 3: Ethics and Site Relations in Educational Research