The hypothesis that the specific nature of an item's encoding, including all related information that was encoded along with it, determines how effectively the item can be retrieved:

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The encoding specificity principle suggests that recall is most effective when information available at the time of retrieval is similar to the information present at the time of encoding. This principle emphasizes the importance of the specific nature and context of the encoding process in determining retrieval success.

The Hypothesis That the Specific Nature of an Item's Encoding