Question 1

Dr.Anodyne found a correlation of +.49 between illegal drug use and levels of adolescent delinquency.This correlation is __________ and __________.
A) moderate; positive
B) low; positive
C) high; negative
D) low; negative

Accepted Answer

The correlation coefficient of +.49 indicates a moderate positive correlation between illegal drug use and levels of adolescent delinquency. A score of +1 represents a perfect positive correlation, while a score of 0 represents no correlation, and a score of -1 represents a perfect negative correlation. Therefore, A is the best choice.

Question 2

What is one limitation of the ethnographic method?
A) Investigators' cultural values sometimes lead them to misinterpret what they see.
B) It provides little information on how children and adults actually behave.
C) It relies on unobtrusive techniques, such as surveillance cameras and one-way mirrors.
D) It provides little information about the reasoning behind participants' responses.

Accepted Answer

One limitation of ethnographic method is the subjective interpretation based on researchers' cultural values and biases. This can lead to misinterpretation of observed behaviors and actions.

Question 3

Dr.Anderson wants to conduct a study to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between domestic violence and anger in children.Dr.Anderson should use a(n)__________ design.
A) structured
B) observational
C) correlational
D) experimental

Accepted Answer

In order to determine cause-and-effect relationship, Dr.Anderson should use an experimental design. This involves manipulating one variable (domestic violence) and measuring the effect it has on another variable (anger in children). This design allows Dr.Anderson to establish a causal relationship between the two variables.

Question 4

Which research method was borrowed from the field of anthropology?
A) ethnography
B) clinical interview
C) structured interview
D) systematic observation

Accepted Answer

Ethnography is a research method borrowed from the field of anthropology. It involves observation and study of people in their natural environments, often with the goal of understanding cultural practices and beliefs. Clinical interview, structured interview, and systematic observation are not specifically borrowed from anthropology, although they may be used in anthropological studies.

Question 5

The clinical method __________.
A) allows investigators to see directly the everyday behaviors they hope to explain
B) must be conducted with large groups of people at the same time
C) provides little information on how children and adults actually behave
D) yields richly detailed case narratives that offer valuable insights

Accepted Answer

The clinical method involves studying one individual in detail, which yields richly detailed case narratives that offer valuable insights. It does not involve studying large groups of people at the same time, and it provides information on how individuals actually behave, not just their everyday behaviors.

Question 6

Jade spent two years in a Mexican-American community studying communication between parents and children.Jade was using __________.
A) naturalistic observation
B) ethnography
C) self-reports
D) structured observation

Accepted Answer

Jade was studying a specific culture and community over a prolonged period of time, which is indicative of ethnography. Naturalistic observation involves observing behavior in a natural setting without interfering, but it does not necessarily involve studying a specific culture or community. Self-reports involve collecting data directly from individuals through surveys or questionnaires, which is not mentioned in the scenario. Structured observation involves setting up a specific situation or task for participants to observe behavior, which is also not mentioned in the scenario.

Question 7

A major strength of the clinical interview is that it __________.
A) makes comparing individuals' responses very easy
B) can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period
C) is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group
D) allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural settings

Accepted Answer

The clinical interview can gather a large amount of information in a relatively brief period of time, making it a strength of this method. Option A is incorrect because the clinical interview is not designed to compare individuals' responses but to gather information about individuals. Option C is incorrect because the clinical interview is not specifically directed towards understanding culture or social groups. Option D is incorrect because the clinical interview is conducted in a controlled setting, not in natural settings.

Question 8

The two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are __________ and __________.
A) observational; experimental
B) correlational; experimental
C) observational; correlational
D) variable; observational

Accepted Answer

The two main types of designs used in research on human behavior are correlational and experimental. Correlational research examines the relationship between two or more variables, whereas experimental research manipulates an independent variable to determine its effect on a dependent variable. Observational research is a method used in both correlational and experimental designs, but it is not a type of design in itself. Therefore, option A and C are not correct, and option D is too vague.

Question 9

Self-reports __________.
A) use a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participant's point of view
B) describe the entire stream of behavior-everything said and done over a certain time period
C) range from relatively unstructured interviews to highly structured interviews, questionnaires, and tests
D) bring together a wide range of information on one person, including interviews, observations, and test scores

Accepted Answer

Self-reports can range from relatively unstructured interviews to highly structured interviews, questionnaires, and tests.

Question 10

In correlational studies,a(n)__________ can range in value from +1.00 to ‒1.00.
A) independent variable
B) dependent variable
C) cause-and-effect relationship
D) correlation coefficient

Accepted Answer

The correlation coefficient is the statistic used in correlational studies to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. It can range in value from +1.00 (a strong positive correlation) to -1.00 (a strong negative correlation), with 0 indicating no correlation. The other options (A, B, and C) do not relate to the range of values for the correlation coefficient.

Question 11

Which research method is an outgrowth of psychoanalytic theory?
A) naturalistic observation
B) structured observation
C) ethnography
D) the clinical method

Accepted Answer

The clinical method is an outgrowth of psychoanalytic theory, as it involves exploring the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals through a series of interviews, observations, and other forms of data collection. This approach is often used in therapeutic settings to gain insight into the subconscious processes driving a person's mental and emotional state.

Question 12

Students who are foreign-born or first-generation Americans __________ than students of native-born parents.
A) are more likely to commit delinquent and violent acts
B) are more likely to be obese
C) often achieve in school as well as or better
D) tend to report lower self-esteem

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that foreign-born or first-generation students often achieve in school as well as or better than students of native-born parents, despite potential language and cultural barriers. There is no evidence to suggest that these students are more likely to commit delinquent and violent acts or be obese, and while some may experience lower self-esteem due to cultural adjustment, this is not universally true.

Question 13

Which statement describes a limitation of the clinical method?
A) It may not yield observations typical of participants' behavior in everyday life.
B) Researchers cannot control conditions under which participants are observed.
C) The findings cannot be applied to individuals other than the participant.
D) It does not usually yield rich, descriptive insights into factors that affect development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement describes a limitation of the...

Question 14

In a correlational design,researchers __________.
A) gather information on individuals without altering their experiences
B) divide events and behaviors of interest into two types: dependent and independent variables
C) use an evenhanded procedure to assign people to two or more treatment conditions
D) directly control or manipulate changes in the independent variable

Accepted Answer

In a correlational design, researchers gather information on individuals without altering their experiences. They do not manipulate the independent variable or assign participants to different treatment conditions as in experimental designs. Instead, they simply observe and measure the relationship or association between two or more variables.

Question 15

The parents at Central Elementary School responded to a multiple choice questionnaire that asked them what they considered the most important activity they do with their child.This is an example of a __________.
A) structured interview
B) clinical interview
C) naturalistic observation
D) structured observation

Accepted Answer

A multiple choice questionnaire is a form of structured interview, which is a pre-determined set of questions asked in a standardized manner to obtain consistent information. Clinical interviews involve open-ended questions and allow for flexibility in the conversation, naturalistic observation involves observing behavior in a natural setting without intervention, and structured observation involves observing behavior in a controlled environment with pre-determined categories of behavior to observe.

Question 16

Dr.Bigelow is interested in studying musical prodigies.Which method is best suited for this type of research?
A) naturalistic observation
B) clinical interview
C) case study
D) structured interview

Accepted Answer

A case study would give Dr. Bigelow the opportunity to deeply examine and understand the experiences, behaviors, and characteristics of individual musical prodigies. This method would allow for a rich and detailed analysis of each case, which would provide valuable insights into the nature of musical prodigies and their abilities. Naturalistic observation and structured interviews may also be useful in certain aspects of the research, such as observing the prodigies in their natural setting or gathering specific information about their musical practices, but they are not as well-suited to the overall goal of understanding the unique qualities of musical prodigies. A clinical interview, on the other hand, is not relevant to this type of research because musical prodigies do not have a specific clinical condition or disorder.

Question 17

Dr.Dias's research shows that the death of a spouse in old age is correlated with a decline in the surviving partner's physical health.Which conclusion is supported by this study?
A) The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partner's physical health.
B) The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partner's physical health.
C) A decline in a surviving partner's physical health can cause the death of a spouse.
D) A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partner's decline in physical health following the death of a spouse.

Accepted Answer

The research only establishes a correlation between the death of a spouse and a decline in the surviving partner's physical health. It does not prove causation, nor does it provide evidence for any other potential third variables. Therefore, the best choice is option B, which accurately reflects the relationship observed in the study.

Question 18

Structured interviews __________.
A) do not yield the same depth of information as a clinical interview
B) are flexible because questions are phrased differently for each participant
C) bring together a wide range of information on one person
D) tell researchers little about the reasoning behind participants' responses

Accepted Answer

Structured interviews have a set list of standardized questions and may not allow for follow-up questions or exploration of participant responses in the same depth as a clinical interview.

Question 19

Ethnographic research is directed toward understanding a culture through __________ observation.
A) naturalistic
B) participant
C) systematic
D) structured

Accepted Answer

Ethnographic research often involves participant observation, where the researcher immerses themselves in the culture being studied to gain a deeper understanding from within.

Question 20

Ethnographies reveal that immigrant parents view __________ as the surest way to improve life chances.
A) learning English
B) education
C) close ties to an ethnic community
D) moving into an urban area

Accepted Answer

Ethnographies reveal that immigrant parents view education as the surest way to improve life chances for their children. This is often because they believe education provides opportunities for better jobs and social mobility, and helps their children integrate and succeed in their new country. Learning English and having close ties to an ethnic community may also be important, but education is consistently rated as the top priority. Moving into an urban area may provide more access to resources, but it is not necessarily seen as the surest way to improve life chances.

Quiz 1: History, theory, and Research Strategies

Dr.Anodyne found a correlation of +.49 between illegal drug use and levels of adolescent delinquency.This correlation is and .

What is one limitation of the ethnographic method?

Dr.Anderson wants to conduct a study to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between domestic violence and anger in children.Dr.Anderson should use a(n) __________ design.

Which research method was borrowed from the field of anthropology?

The clinical method __________.

Jade spent two years in a Mexican-American community studying communication between parents and children.Jade was using __________.

A major strength of the clinical interview is that it __________.

The two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are and .

Self-reports __________.

In correlational studies,a(n) __________ can range in value from +1.00 to ‒1.00.

Which research method is an outgrowth of psychoanalytic theory?

Students who are foreign-born or first-generation Americans __________ than students of native-born parents.

Which statement describes a limitation of the clinical method?

In a correlational design,researchers __________.

The parents at Central Elementary School responded to a multiple choice questionnaire that asked them what they considered the most important activity they do with their child.This is an example of a __________.

Dr.Bigelow is interested in studying musical prodigies.Which method is best suited for this type of research?

Dr.Dias's research shows that the death of a spouse in old age is correlated with a decline in the surviving partner's physical health.Which conclusion is supported by this study?

Structured interviews __________.

Ethnographic research is directed toward understanding a culture through __________ observation.

Ethnographies reveal that immigrant parents view __________ as the surest way to improve life chances.