Question 1

College students who are __________ are more likely to graduate.
A) from lower-SES families
B) emotionally dependent on their parents
C) not involved in campus social organizations
D) from families that value a college education

Accepted Answer

Students from families that value a college education are more likely to prioritize and approach their academic work with greater dedication, persistence, and commitment to completing their degree. This can result in enhanced academic success and increased likelihood of graduation.

Question 2

College students who __________ show large cognitive gains.
A) engage in campus academics but avoid involvement in extracurricular campus life
B) focus on classroom learning rather than civic engagement in their chosen field
C) connect their community service experiences with their classroom learning
D) interact with racially, ethnically, sexually, and religiously homogeneous peers

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that college students who connect their community service experiences with their classroom learning show larger cognitive gains. This is because such experiential learning opportunities enable students to apply the knowledge and skills they learn in class to real-world problems and situations, thus enhancing their critical thinking, problem-solving, and interpersonal skills. In contrast, focusing solely on classroom learning or avoiding extracurricular involvement may not provide students with the same level of experiential learning and personal growth. Interacting with diverse peers also has been shown to increase cognitive gains, so option D is not correct. Option A was not supported by research.

Question 3

From the freshman to the senior year of college,most students __________.
A) become better at reflecting on the quality of their thinking
B) lose their concern for human welfare and enthusiasm for political activism
C) show a decreased tolerance for racial and ethnic diversity
D) become experts in a field and develop master-level creativity

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that college students generally become better at reflecting on their own thinking and developing their critical thinking skills as they progress through their undergraduate education.

Question 4

Almost without exception,__________.
A) young women's vocational aspirations are unaffected by career guidance
B) males express greater confidence than females in their science ability
C) young women with science talents prefer engineering and computing careers
D) young men with science talents prefer careers in biology or health

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that males tend to express greater confidence in their science ability compared to females. The other options are not supported by research and are therefore incorrect.

Question 5

Colleges that __________ have a higher percentage of dropouts.
A) have less selective admissions requirements
B) offer support services for high-risk students
C) generously fund student services
D) place students in developmental courses

Accepted Answer

Colleges with less selective admissions requirements may admit students who are not academically prepared for college, which can lead to a higher percentage of dropouts.

Answer: D 
 Placing students in developmental courses creates an additional barrier for students to overcome, which can contribute to a higher dropout rate.

Question 6

Since the 1970s,__________.
A) the time U.S. college students spend socializing has declined by half
B) institutions redefined college students as consumers
C) grade inflation at U.S. colleges decreased dramatically
D) academic demands and the time U.S. college students spend studying increased

Accepted Answer

Institutions redefined college students as consumers.

Question 7

Compared to their traditional-career counterparts,men who choose traditionally female-dominated careers __________.
A) are more focused on the social status of their work
B) are more gender-typed in their personal life
C) are more interested in working with people
D) have more conservative social attitudes

Accepted Answer

Men who choose traditionally female-dominated careers tend to be more interested in working with people, according to research. This may be because these careers often involve caregiving, nurturing, and communication skills, which are often considered feminine traits. There is no evidence to suggest that they are more focused on social status or have more conservative social attitudes. There is mixed evidence on whether they are more gender-typed in their personal lives, as some studies suggest that they may be more likely to adopt traditionally feminine gender roles outside of work, while others have found no significant differences.

Question 8

During the realistic period of vocational development,the first step is often __________,and the final phase is __________.
A) examining abilities and values; reality
B) fantasizing about the career; examining ability
C) crystallization; fantasizing about other careers
D) further exploration; crystallization

Accepted Answer

During the realistic period of vocational development, individuals start with further exploration of their career options and interests, and the final phase is crystallization, where they make a clear decision about their career path.

Question 9

In longitudinal research,teacher expectations for educational attainment mattered most for __________ students.
A) college-bound
B) low-SES
C) high-SES
D) high-status

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal research has shown that teacher expectations play a critical role in students' educational outcomes. In particular, low-SES students are most affected by teacher expectations, as they often face more systemic barriers that can hinder their academic success. High-SES students may have access to more resources and support outside of school, which can lessen the impact of teacher expectations on their educational attainment. Therefore, the best choice is B - low-SES students.

Question 10

According to Holland,the enterprising person is drawn to __________.
A) sales or politics
B) engineering or physics
C) accounting or banking
D) counseling or teaching

Accepted Answer

According to Holland's theory, enterprising individuals are characterized by their dominance, extraversion, and high levels of self-confidence. They are best suited for careers in sales, marketing, management, politics, and entrepreneurship.

Question 11

Young people's vocational aspirations correlate strongly with their __________.
A) parents' jobs
B) childhood dreams
C) ethnic identity
D) friends' aspirations

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that young people's vocational aspirations are strongly influenced by their parents' jobs. Children tend to model their aspirations after what they see around them, and parental occupation is a key factor in shaping these aspirations.

Question 12

When asked about her future vocational choice,14-year-old Solange says,"I'm good at math and I like solving problems.But I like helping people.So maybe teaching math or working as an engineer would be good." Solange is in the __________ period of vocational development.
A) fantasy
B) tentative
C) realistic
D) crystallized

Accepted Answer

Solange is in the tentative period of vocational development because she is exploring different options and considering how her interests and skills could be applied to different careers. She has not yet made a firm decision or committed to a specific career path.

Question 13

In a study examining the importance of academic engagement in college for successful transition to the labor market,researchers found that __________.
A) senior-year collegiate learning scores were unrelated to success at securing jobs requiring bachelor's level skills
B) successful graduates were unaware of a link between collegiate learning and post-college success
C) students with high collegiate learning scores found it hard to articulate the benefits of their college experience
D) most participants gained little in collegiate learning during their four years of college

Accepted Answer

The study found that most participants gained little in collegiate learning during their four years of college, indicating a lack of significant academic engagement or development.

Question 14

Which statement about gender stereotypes in vocational choice is true?
A) Women write more books than men, but men produce more works of art than women.
B) More mathematically talented college women choose engineering over health professions.
C) Women remain concentrated in less-well-paid, traditionally feminine professions.
D) Women's progress in entering and excelling in male-dominated careers has been swift.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women continue to be underrepresented in higher-paying and traditionally male-dominated fields, such as engineering and computer science, and are overrepresented in lower-paying and traditionally female-dominated fields, such as teaching and healthcare. This perpetuates gender stereotypes that certain career paths are more appropriate for men or women, and can limit opportunities for individuals who do not conform to these stereotypes.

Question 15

Which young adult is least likely to have a college degree?
A) Gordon from Canada
B) Mi Na from South Korea
C) Liane from the United States
D) Takeshi from Japan

Accepted Answer

In the United States, the percentage of young adults with a college degree is generally lower compared to countries like Canada, South Korea, and Japan, which have higher rates of tertiary education attainment among their young adult populations.

Question 16

Eight-year-old Marci is involved in community theater.She fantasizes about starring in a Broadway musical.Marci's desire to be an actress __________.
A) will probably bear little relation to the vocational decisions that she will eventually make
B) will probably be actualized because she has already committed to a career at such a young age
C) is atypical of most young children, who base their preferences on what jobs their parents have
D) is unrealistic because so few actresses are able to secure roles in Broadway musicals

Accepted Answer

Marci's desire to be an actress at a young age may not necessarily correlate with her eventual vocational decisions. It is common for children to have passing interests and change their career aspirations as they grow and develop new interests and abilities.

Question 17

Deon likes well-structured tasks and values material possessions.Alecia prefers working with people.According to Holland's six personality types,Deon is __________ and Alecia is __________.
A) social; realistic
B) investigative; conventional
C) conventional; social
D) enterprising; artistic

Accepted Answer

Deon's preference for structured tasks and material possessions suggest a conventional personality type, while Alecia's preference for working with people suggests a social personality type.

Question 18

Clifton has developed master-level creativity.This means that Clifton probably __________.
A) is able to dismiss information that appears irrelevant at first glance
B) has the capacity to think intuitively with a reduced filter
C) is open to new experiences and intolerant of ambiguity
D) is driven to succeed and unwilling to try again after failure

Accepted Answer

Master-level creativity often involves the ability to think outside the box and make intuitive connections that may not be immediately apparent. This requires a reduced filter, meaning one is able to dismiss information that might appear irrelevant at first glance. Additionally, being open to new experiences and tolerant of ambiguity can also contribute to high levels of creativity. Being driven to succeed and unwilling to try again after failure are not necessarily indicative of master-level creativity.

Question 19

Shanika enjoys working with ideas; Madison is emotional and has a high need for individual expression.According to Holland's six personality types,Shanika is __________ and Madison is __________.
A) investigative; artistic
B) realistic; conventional
C) enterprising; investigative
D) conventional; social

Accepted Answer

Shanika, who enjoys working with ideas, aligns with the Investigative type, which is characterized by a preference for activities that involve thinking, organizing, and understanding. Madison, described as emotional with a high need for individual expression, fits the Artistic personality type, known for creativity, expression, and a preference for unstructured tasks.

Question 20

According to Holland,people who choose construction,plumbing,or surveying prefer __________.
A) working with ideas
B) real-world problems
C) well-structured tasks
D) individual expression

Accepted Answer

Holland's theory suggests that people who choose construction, plumbing, or surveying tend to prefer working with real-world problems rather than abstract ideas, and they typically enjoy well-structured tasks that have clear solutions. They may not place as much emphasis on individual expression as some other career types.

Quiz 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

College students who are __________ are more likely to graduate.

College students who __________ show large cognitive gains.

From the freshman to the senior year of college,most students __________.

Almost without exception,__________.

Colleges that __________ have a higher percentage of dropouts.

Since the 1970s,__________.

Compared to their traditional-career counterparts,men who choose traditionally female-dominated careers __________.

During the realistic period of vocational development,the first step is often ,and the final phase is .

In longitudinal research,teacher expectations for educational attainment mattered most for __________ students.

According to Holland,the enterprising person is drawn to __________.

Young people's vocational aspirations correlate strongly with their __________.

When asked about her future vocational choice,14-year-old Solange says,"I'm good at math and I like solving problems.But I like helping people.So maybe teaching math or working as an engineer would be good." Solange is in the __________ period of vocational development.

In a study examining the importance of academic engagement in college for successful transition to the labor market,researchers found that __________.

Which statement about gender stereotypes in vocational choice is true?

Which young adult is least likely to have a college degree?

Eight-year-old Marci is involved in community theater.She fantasizes about starring in a Broadway musical.Marci's desire to be an actress __________.

Deon likes well-structured tasks and values material possessions.Alecia prefers working with people.According to Holland's six personality types,Deon is and Alecia is .

Clifton has developed master-level creativity.This means that Clifton probably __________.

Shanika enjoys working with ideas; Madison is emotional and has a high need for individual expression.According to Holland's six personality types,Shanika is and Madison is .

According to Holland,people who choose construction,plumbing,or surveying prefer __________.