Question 1

Match the following description with the term:
-Basophilia of the chromatin may fade
A) Karyolysis
B) Pyknosis
C) Karyorrhexis

Accepted Answer

Karyolysis refers to the dissolution or fading of the basophilic staining of chromatin in a dying cell, indicating the breakdown of nuclear material.

Question 2

Which of the following occurs as a result of release of activated pancreatic enzymes and can leave white, chalky deposits representing calcium soap?
A) Coagulative necrosis
B) Liquefactive necrosis
C) Causeous necrosis
D) Fat necrosis
E) Gangrenous necrosis

Accepted Answer

Fat necrosis occurs when pancreatic enzymes are released, leading to the breakdown of fat and the formation of calcium soaps, which appear as white, chalky deposits.

Question 3

Which of the following implies preservation of the basic outline of the involved cell for a span of at least some days?
A) Coagulative necrosis
B) Liquefactive necrosis
C) Causeous necrosis
D) Fat necrosis
E) Gangrenous necrosis

Accepted Answer

Coagulative necrosis is characterized by the preservation of the basic outline of the cell for a few days, as the architecture of the tissue remains intact while the cellular details are lost.

Question 4

Which of the following has a cheesy, yellow-white appearance at the area of necrosis and is encountered most often in foci of tuberculous infection?
A) Coagulative necrosis
B) Liquefactive necrosis
C) Causeous necrosis
D) Fat necrosis
E) Gangrenous necrosis

Accepted Answer

Caseous necrosis is characterized by a cheesy, yellow-white appearance and is commonly associated with tuberculous infections.

Question 5

Which of the following is characteristic of focal bacterial or, occasionally, fungal infections, because microbes stimulate the accumulation of inﬂammatory cells?
A) Coagulative necrosis
B) Liquefactive necrosis
C) Causeous necrosis
D) Fat necrosis
E) Gangrenous necrosis

Accepted Answer

Liquefactive necrosis is characteristic of focal bacterial or fungal infections because the accumulation of inflammatory cells leads to the digestion of tissue, resulting in a liquid viscous mass.

Question 6

Which of the following types of cell injury involves anaerobic energy generation stoping after glycolytic substrates are exhausted, or glycolytic function becoming inhibited by the accumulation of metabolites?
A) Ischemic
B) Hypoxic
C) Ischemic reperfusion
D) Chemical induced

Accepted Answer

Ischemic injury involves a lack of blood supply, leading to a depletion of glycolytic substrates and accumulation of metabolites, which inhibits glycolysis and stops anaerobic energy generation.

Question 7

When blood flow is restored to cells that have been previously made ischemic but have not died, injury is often exacerbated and proceeds at an accelerated pace.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as reperfusion injury, where the restoration of blood supply leads to inflammation and oxidative damage, worsening the injury.

Question 8

Increased generation of oxygen free radicals from parenchymal and endothelial cells and from infiltrating leukocytes would cause damage in which of the following cell injury mechanisms?
A) Ischemic
B) Hypoxic
C) Ischemic reperfusion
D) Chemical induced

Accepted Answer

Ischemic reperfusion injury is characterized by the generation of oxygen free radicals when blood supply returns to the tissue after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen.

Question 9

Chemically induced cell injury from carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and acetaminophen (Tylenol) aﬀect which organ?
A) Brain
B) Kidneys
C) Pancreas
D) Spleen
E) Liver

Accepted Answer

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and acetaminophen (Tylenol) are known to cause liver damage. CCl4 is a hepatotoxin, and acetaminophen overdose can lead to liver failure due to the formation of toxic metabolites.

Question 10

CCl4 is converted by P-450 to which highly reactive toxic free radical?
A) CCl2
B) CCl3
C) CCl5
D) CCl6
E) Cl+

Accepted Answer

CCl4 is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes to form the highly reactive and toxic trichloromethyl radical (CCl3).

Question 11

Like tissue necrosis, cell apoptosis causes inﬂammation.

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process that does not typically cause inflammation, unlike necrosis, which is an uncontrolled cell death that often leads to an inflammatory response.

Question 12

Which of the following is considered physiologic apoptosis, NOT pathologic apoptosis?
A) Cell death from cytotoxic anticancer drug damage to DNA
B) Cell death due to damage from viral hepatitis
C) Cell death in tumors
D) Cell death induced by cytotoxic T cells
E) Pathologic atrophy in parenchymal organs after duct obstruction

Accepted Answer

Physiologic apoptosis occurs as a normal part of development and homeostasis, such as the elimination of cells by cytotoxic T cells to maintain immune system balance.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a morphologic feature of cells undergoing apoptosis?
A) Hypoxia
B) Cell shrinkage
C) Chromatin condensation
D) Formation of cytoplasmic blebs and apoptotic bodies
E) Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells or cell bodies, usually by macrophages

Accepted Answer

Hypoxia is a condition of low oxygen levels and is not a morphologic feature of apoptosis. The other options are characteristic features of the apoptotic process.

Question 14

Certain cellular alterations permit the early recognition of dead cells by macrophages. What is the result of this process?
A) Protein hydrolysis involving the activation of caspases
B) Swelling of cellular mitochondria
C) Phagocytosis without the release of cytokines
D) Ubiquitin destruction of cellular components
E) Destruction of surrounding tissue

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis without the release of cytokines is a result of the early recognition of dead cells by macrophages, allowing for the removal of dead cells without triggering inflammation.

Question 15

Which of the following is inhibitory to the Fas (extrinsic) apoptosis pathway?
A) FasL
B) FADD
C) FLIP
D) Pro Caspase-8
E) Active Caspase-8

Accepted Answer

FLIP (FLICE-inhibitory protein) inhibits the activation of caspase-8, thereby blocking the Fas-mediated extrinsic apoptosis pathway.

Question 16

Which of the following is inhibitory to the mitochondrial (intrinsic) apoptosis pathway?
A) Cytochrome c
B) Bcl-2
C) Apaf-1
D) IAPs
E) Pro Caspase-9
F) Active Caspase-9
G) AIF

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is inhibitory to...

Question 17

Expression of the CD-31 marker (PECAM-1) does which of the following?
A) Prevents neutrophils from binding to macrophages
B) Allows neutrophils to bind to macrophages
C) Prevents neutrophils from being phagocytized
D) Allows neutrophils to be phagocytized
E) Is only expressed on the surface of cancer cells

Accepted Answer

CD-31 (PECAM-1) is expressed on endothelial cells and plays a role in preventing neutrophils from being phagocytized by macrophages, as it is involved in the transmigration of leukocytes across the endothelium.

Question 18

Which of the following caspases is an executioner and not an initiator of apoptosis?
A) CASP2
B) CASP8
C) CASP9
D) CASP10
E) CASP3, CASP6, CASP7

Accepted Answer

Caspases 3, 6, and 7 are executioner caspases, which are responsible for the cleavage of cellular components during apoptosis, whereas caspases 2, 8, 9, and 10 are initiator caspases that activate the executioner caspases.

Question 19

Match the type of apoptosis with the involved item:
-Apoptosis After Growth Factor Deprivation
A) p53
B) Granzyme B
C) FasL
D) Bcl

Accepted Answer

Bcl proteins are involved in apoptosis after growth factor deprivation by regulating mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization.

Question 20

Match the type of apoptosis with the involved item:
-DNA Damage-Mediated Apoptosis
A) p54
B) Granzyme B
C) FasL
D) Bcl

Accepted Answer

DNA Damage-Mediated Apoptosis is triggered by DNA damage and involves the activation of the p53 protein, which leads to the induction of apoptosis.

Quiz 1: Pathology

Match the following description with the term: -Basophilia of the chromatin may fade

Which of the following occurs as a result of release of activated pancreatic enzymes and can leave white, chalky deposits representing calcium soap?

Which of the following implies preservation of the basic outline of the involved cell for a span of at least some days?

Which of the following has a cheesy, yellow-white appearance at the area of necrosis and is encountered most often in foci of tuberculous infection?

Which of the following is characteristic of focal bacterial or, occasionally, fungal infections, because microbes stimulate the accumulation of inﬂammatory cells?

Which of the following types of cell injury involves anaerobic energy generation stoping after glycolytic substrates are exhausted, or glycolytic function becoming inhibited by the accumulation of metabolites?

When blood flow is restored to cells that have been previously made ischemic but have not died, injury is often exacerbated and proceeds at an accelerated pace.

Increased generation of oxygen free radicals from parenchymal and endothelial cells and from infiltrating leukocytes would cause damage in which of the following cell injury mechanisms?

Chemically induced cell injury from carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and acetaminophen (Tylenol) aﬀect which organ?

CCl4 is converted by P-450 to which highly reactive toxic free radical?

Like tissue necrosis, cell apoptosis causes inﬂammation.

Which of the following is considered physiologic apoptosis, NOT pathologic apoptosis?

Which of the following is NOT a morphologic feature of cells undergoing apoptosis?

Certain cellular alterations permit the early recognition of dead cells by macrophages. What is the result of this process?

Which of the following is inhibitory to the Fas (extrinsic) apoptosis pathway?

Which of the following is inhibitory to the mitochondrial (intrinsic) apoptosis pathway?

Expression of the CD-31 marker (PECAM-1) does which of the following?

Which of the following caspases is an executioner and not an initiator of apoptosis?

Match the type of apoptosis with the involved item: -Apoptosis After Growth Factor Deprivation

Match the type of apoptosis with the involved item: -DNA Damage-Mediated Apoptosis