Question 1

Henry Murray wrote the book Personality and Assessment.

Accepted Answer

Henry Murray did not write "Personality and Assessment"; it was written by Walter Mischel in 1968.

Question 2

Peer acceptance is associated with what trait?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that extraversion is strongly associated with peer acceptance. Extraverts are often seen as likable, talkative, and socially skilled, which can lead to greater acceptance among peers.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of Funder's conclusions?

Accepted Answer

Funder does not make this conclusion. In fact, he argues that effect sizes can be calculated from experimental results.

Question 4

Political liberalism is associated with what trait?

Accepted Answer

Political liberalism is characterized by embracing change and being open to new experiences and ideas. This aligns with the personality trait of openness to experience.

Question 5

The avoidance of drug abuse is associated with what trait?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness is often associated with responsible behavior and self-discipline, which can lead to an avoidance of drug abuse. In contrast, individuals with low levels of conscientiousness may be more impulsive and prone to risk-taking behaviors, including drug use. Openness to experience, neuroticism, and extraversion have shown mixed relationships with drug abuse.

Question 6

The consistency of individual differences typically increases with age.

Accepted Answer

As people age, their personality traits and other individual differences tend to become more stable and consistent over time. This is because they have had more life experiences and opportunities to develop and express their unique characteristics, and they have also developed more stable and consistent patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions. Additionally, as people age, they tend to become more set in their ways and less likely to change, which further reinforces the consistency of their individual differences.

Question 7

Which of the following was NOT a study that Funder and Ozer reviewed in their work calculating the size of the situation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

Funder and Ozer did not review a study on the reduction in intrinsic motivation that occurs when children are given rewards. The other three studies were all reviewed in their work.

Question 8

Substance use is positively associated with what trait?

Accepted Answer

Substance use has been found to be positively associated with openness to experience, which describes individuals who are curious, creative, and open-minded.

Question 9

Attractiveness is associated with what trait?

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that attractiveness is strongly associated with extraversion. People who are more outgoing and sociable tend to be seen as more attractive, possibly because they are more likely to engage in social and romantic interactions. There is much less evidence to suggest that attractiveness is associated with openness, self-monitoring, or conscientiousness.

Question 10

Citizenship behavior at work is predicted by which trait?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness is a personality trait characterized by self-discipline, responsibility, reliability, and organization. This trait is positively correlated with citizenship behavior at work, as individuals high in conscientiousness are more likely to engage in helpful behaviors and go above and beyond their job responsibilities.

Question 11

Longevity is associated with what trait?

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently found that high levels of conscientiousness are associated with increased longevity. Conscientious individuals are organized, responsible, and dependable, which may lead to better health behaviors and reduced risk-taking behaviors. Openness to experience, self-monitoring, and neuroticism have not been consistently linked to longevity.

Question 12

Based on recent research, what activity might signal a major concern when selecting a stockbroker?

Accepted Answer

Evidence that the broker loses big money at poker games may signal a lack of financial responsibility and could raise concerns about their ability to handle investments properly.

Question 13

The large number of trait terms in the English language indicates that ________.

Accepted Answer

The large number of trait terms in the English language indicates that we need an abundance of trait terms to distinguish between different types of people, personality traits are an important part of our culture, and when it comes to personality, one size does not fit all. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

Question 14

Sally found that neither caffeine nor extraversion individually predicted problem solving; however, she found that they both worked together to predict problem solving. This is an example of what kind of an effect?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a true interaction effect, as the two variables (caffeine and extraversion) are only able to predict problem solving when taken together, indicating that their relationship is dependent on each other.

Question 15

Happiness is associated with what trait?

Accepted Answer

Extroverted individuals are often associated with being more outgoing, social, and positive. They tend to seek out social situations and experiences, which can contribute to their overall happiness.

Question 16

One result of the person-situation debate was that many social psychologists concluded that personality did not really exist.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One result of the person-situation debate was...

Question 17

A social psychologist focused on statistical significance is concerned with ________, whereas a personality researcher focused on effect sizes is concerned with ________.

Accepted Answer

Statistical significance is about documenting the existence of an effect, showing that it is unlikely to have occurred by chance, while effect size quantifies the magnitude of the effect, indicating how strong or meaningful it is.

Question 18

Based on recent research, what is likely to happen when an aggressive person plays a competitive multiplayer video game?

Accepted Answer

Recent research suggests that when an aggressive person plays a competitive multiplayer video game, they are more likely to evoke aggression from the other players. This is because their behavior can be seen as provocation and can escalate tensions within the game.

Question 19

Research regarding the person-situation debate indicates that ________ are relevant to how people will act under specific circumstances and that ________ are better for describing how people act in general.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research regarding the person-situation debate indicates that...

Question 20

A recent review of the entire literature on social psychology concluded that the situational effect was about ________.

Accepted Answer

The review of the entire literature on social psychology concluded that the situational effect was about .20.

Quiz 4: Personality Traits, Situations, and Behavior