Question 1

According to Rogers, believing that others value you based only on intelligence, success, or attractiveness can lead to ________.

Accepted Answer

Rogers believed that placing conditions of worth on ourselves, such as believing that others value us based only on intelligence, success, or attractiveness, can lead to a lack of self-worth and the inability to fully accept and love oneself.

Question 2

Carl Rogers maintained that the one basic tendency for humans is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that the primary motivation of human behavior is to maintain and enhance life. This theory is known as the actualizing tendency, which is the innate drive of human beings to grow and fulfill their potential.

Question 3

What Buddhist term refers to the idea that all things are in flux and impermanent?

Accepted Answer

The term that refers to the idea that all things are in flux and impermanent in Buddhism is anicca. Anicca is one of the three characteristics of all existence, along with anatta (no-self) and dukkha (suffering). It is the recognition of impermanence that allows an individual in Buddhism to detach from any attachment to particular phenomena or experiences, leading to the ultimate goal of liberation or enlightenment.

Question 4

George Kelly's personal construct theory emphasizes that individuals ________.

Accepted Answer

George Kelly's personal construct theory suggests that individuals construct their experience of reality through unique sets of ideas about the world known as personal constructs. These constructs are used to make predictions about future events and guide behavior, and they vary from person to person. Personal constructs are not necessarily accurate or objective, but they serve as a framework for understanding the world and making decisions.

Question 5

Steven has come to terms with his mortality, accepted responsibility for his existence, and knows that he determines what happens in his life. Existentialists would say that Steven is ________.

Accepted Answer

Steven is attaining authentic existence, which is a key concept in existentialism. This means he has embraced his individual freedom, potential, and responsibility for creating meaning in his life. Living in bad faith (A) refers to denying one's personal responsibility and instead, submitting to external expectations or determinations. Experiencing thrown-ness (B) refers to the realization that we are all thrown into existence without prior consultation and must make sense of it on our own. Achieving Mitwelt (D) refers to understanding and connecting with the shared world or community around us, which is not directly relevant to Steven's situation.

Question 6

According to Carl Rogers, you can become a ________ only if you experience ________ from important others in your life.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that in order to become a fully functioning person, one must receive unconditional positive regard from important others in their life. This means that the individual is accepted and valued for who they are, without any conditions or expectations placed upon them.

Question 7

The highest need proposed by Maslow was ________.

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is the highest need, which is the desire to reach one's full potential, achieve personal growth and self-fulfillment.

Question 8

The humanist psychologists Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow took basic existential assumptions and added the assumption that ________.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow believed that people are inherently good and have a natural motivation to self-actualize, to make themselves and the world better. This is known as the humanistic or positive psychology perspective.

Question 9

According to George Kelly, a person's interpretation or theory of what the world is like is his or her ________.

Accepted Answer

According to George Kelly, a person's interpretation or theory of what the world is like is his or her personal construct system.

Question 10

George Kelly believed that to understand a person, you need to understand his or her personal construct system. This idea is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of George Kelly believed that to understand a...

Question 11

Research findings indicate that one result of Rogerian psychotherapy may be that ________.

Accepted Answer

Rogerian psychotherapy places a strong emphasis on self-actualization and personal growth. The therapist creates a safe and accepting environment for the client to explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors without judgment. Through this process, clients may begin to align themselves more closely with their ideal selves, leading to personal growth and positive change.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a concern with the typical strategy used to evaluate the effects of Rogerian psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Measurable variables have been used to evaluate the effects of Rogerian therapy, such as the client's level of distress or improvement in overall functioning. Therefore, option B is not a concern with the typical strategy used to evaluate the effects of Rogerian psychotherapy. Options A, C, and D are valid concerns with this strategy.

Question 13

The Buddhist alternative to existential anguish, forlornness, and despair is ________.

Accepted Answer

The Buddhist concept of nirvana offers an alternative to existential anguish, forlornness, and despair by providing a state of liberation from the suffering and attachments of the material world. This state of enlightenment is achieved through the practice of the Buddha's teachings and offers a sense of peace and understanding about the nature of existence. Anatta (A) refers to the Buddhist concept of non-self, while Anicca (B) refers to the impermanence and constant change of all things. Eigenwelt (D) is a term from Martin Heidegger's philosophy that describes the individual's subjective experience of the world.

Question 14

According to Carl Rogers, a person can only be understood from the perspective of the entire panorama of his or her conscious experience or what he called the ________.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that a person's experience is organized into a subjective and dynamic field that he called the phenomenal field. This field is the sum total of all of a person's experiences, thoughts, feelings, and perceptions at any given moment. In other words, a person can only be understood in relation to their entire subjective experience, which is represented by their phenomenal field.

Question 15

Some American corporations use Maslow's ideas when dealing with their employees. For example, they might ________.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that American corporations might focus on maximizing employees' feelings of security so that they can pursue higher goals and identify with the organization. Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that physiological and safety needs must be met before higher-level needs, such as self-esteem and self-actualization, can be pursued. Therefore, by focusing on employees' feelings of security, corporations are addressing the lower-level needs in Maslow's hierarchy and allowing employees to pursue higher goals.

Question 16

To avoid developing conditions of worth, a person should experience ________ from the important people in his or her life.

Accepted Answer

To avoid developing conditions of worth, a person should experience unconditional positive regard from the important people in his or her life. Conditions of worth refer to the conditions placed upon a person's behavior or attitudes by others, which can lead to feelings of inadequacy or low self-worth. Unconditional positive regard, on the other hand, involves accepting and valuing a person regardless of their behavior or attitudes, which can foster feelings of self-worth and authenticity. Mitwelt refers to the social environment, while existential optimism refers to an individual's outlook on life and meaning-making.

Question 17

Which two individuals are credited with turning existentialism into a more optimistic view of life?

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are credited with turning existentialism into a more optimistic view of life through their humanistic approach which emphasized the potential for growth and self-actualization in individuals. Sartre and Nietzsche, on the other hand, are associated with a more pessimistic view of existence, while Rogers and Freud did not share the same philosophical approach and Maddi is not traditionally associated with existentialism.

Question 18

Linda thinks that her friends will like her only if she is thin, attractive, and cheerful. Rogers would say it is unlikely that Linda will ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Linda thinks that her friends will like...

Question 19

What Buddhist term refers to the idea that an independent singular self is simply an illusion?

Accepted Answer

Anatta, also known as "no-self", is a fundamental concept in Buddhism that asserts that there is no permanent, unchanging, independent self or ego. The idea is that the sense of self is actually a collection of constantly changing mental and physical processes, and attachment to a fixed sense of self leads to suffering.

Question 20

Research has shown that some personal constructs are more readily called to mind than others. These constructs are considered ________.

Accepted Answer

Personal constructs that are chronically accessible are those that are readily available to our awareness and can be easily called upon in various situations. These constructs are often based on our past experiences and can influence our current perceptions and behaviors.

Quiz 13: Experience, Existence, and the Meaning of Life: Humanistic and Positive Psychology