Question 1

The two major ways that a person may self-handicap are ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

Creating real obstacles to success and making excuses in advance are the two major ways that a person may self-handicap. By doing so, individuals can justify potential failure and even use it as an excuse, which can protect their self-esteem. The other options listed do not accurately describe self-handicapping.

Question 2

Brittany knows she will need all the mental resources she has to focus on a speech she must give.Which of the following would be LEAST helpful in terms of increasing her self-regulatory resources?

Accepted Answer

Trying to quit smoking on the same day as giving a speech would actually decrease Brittany's self-regulatory resources as quitting smoking is a mentally taxing task. Therefore, it is the least helpful choice in terms of increasing her resources. A, B, and C are all helpful because they provide essential nutrients for energy, minimize mental exhaustion with rest, and provide caffeine for alertness, respectively.

Question 3

Agustin knows you're taking a psychology class and wants to know what he can do to be more disciplined in a few weeks when midterm exams come around.What advice do you have, based on the information in this chapter?

Accepted Answer

Exerting self-control now in some area can help Agustin practice for the future and build up his discipline. This can include things like waking up earlier, sticking to a study schedule, or practicing mindful breathing. By doing this consistently, Agustin can develop the habit of self-discipline that will help him during midterm exams. The other options are not productive or helpful for achieving better discipline.

Question 4

People engage in self-handicapping strategies in order to avoid

Accepted Answer

Self-handicapping strategies are used to avoid an internal attribution for failure, meaning individuals use these strategies to avoid blaming themselves for failing, instead providing external or situational reasons for their lack of success.

Question 5

Which of the following people is using ingratiation as a self-presentational tactic?

Accepted Answer

Iman is using ingratiation as a self-presentational tactic by bringing her boss coffee and offering to do other favors for her. Ingratiation involves using flattery, compliments, or other positive behaviors to make oneself more likable to others.

Question 6

If you just declined an invitation to go out with friends so that you can study and then another friend offers you a beer, according to research in this chapter, what can you do to exert some self-control and stick with your study plan?

Accepted Answer

Taking a break and collecting yourself can help you exert some self-control and stick with your study plan. It is important to acknowledge the temptation and then actively resist it by reminding yourself of your goal and the consequences of giving in to the temptation. This can increase your likelihood of success in sticking with your plan. The other options - giving up, promising to only have one, or having a cookie - may distract you further from your study plan or lead to further temptation.

Question 7

Self-handicapping

Accepted Answer

Self-handicapping refers to tactics individuals use to create obstacles and excuses for poor performance before it even occurs. This can include things like not trying as hard as one could or making excuses ahead of time. Studies have found that self-handicapping has a negative impact on performance as it leads to decreased effort and motivation. It is not considered good for skill development and can be detrimental to both individual and group performance.

Question 8

Dr.Patel just completed writing a tough exam and ate a healthy lunch instead of grabbing something from the vending machine.Based on research presented in the text, the fact that she avoided the depletion effect means she probably did what?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Patel just completed writing a tough exam...

Question 9

Which person would have the most difficulty exerting self-control?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which person would have the most difficulty...

Question 10

Rosemary was invited to a dinner party by a colleague from her new job.Although she was told to arrive around 7:00, Rosemary made sure that she did not arrive before 7:30 so she would not appear overly eager.In which of the following strategies is Rosemary engaging?

Accepted Answer

Rosemary is engaging in impression management by trying to present herself in a favorable light to her new colleagues. She is conscious of how her behavior may be interpreted and is intentionally trying to create a positive impression by not appearing overly eager.

Question 11

Ingratiation is an impression management strategy whereby people use

Accepted Answer

Ingratiation involves using flattery or praise to manage the impression others have of us. Self-handicapping involves creating excuses for potential failures, gossip and back-stabbing are negative tactics, and physical appearance is not directly related to ingratiating behavior.

Question 12

When Daphne goes on an interview, she does her best to present herself well and put her best foot forward.Which function of the self is exemplified in this situation?

Accepted Answer

Impression management refers to the process of controlling the impressions others have of oneself. In this situation, Daphne is consciously presenting herself in a favorable light to impress the interviewer and potentially secure the job.

Question 13

Attempting to get others to see you as you want to be seen is the definition of

Accepted Answer

Impression management refers to the process of attempting to control or manipulate the perception others have of oneself. This involves presenting oneself in a certain way to create a desired impression. Choices A, B, and C are related to one’s own self-perception or perception of oneself in relation to others, but they do not directly refer to attempting to influence how others see or perceive oneself.

Question 14

According to the authors of your text, one major problem with preparing excuses in advance of possible failure is that

Accepted Answer

Preparing excuses in advance can lead us to believe those excuses ourselves, which might result in exerting less effort towards achieving success, as we might subconsciously rely on the prepared excuses.

Question 15

Self-handicapping helps individuals make ________ attributions for their performance.

Accepted Answer

Self-handicapping is a strategy people use to protect their self-esteem by creating an excuse or external factor that can explain a poor performance. Therefore, it helps individuals make external attributions for their performance and not internal attributions that could damage their self-esteem. The other options (C) dispositional and (D) extrinsic are not applicable to the concept of self-handicapping.

Question 16

Just before an exam, your friend Marc turns to you and says "Man, I'm so tired! I partied until four in the morning." Marc is engaging in what type of self-presentation?

Accepted Answer

Marc is engaging in self-handicapping by making an excuse for his potential poor performance on the exam. He is intentionally creating an external factor (tiredness from partying) that could be used to justify his poor academic performance, rather than admitting that he didn't study enough or isn't prepared for the exam.

Question 17

Complete the following analogy.Behavioral self-handicapping: ________ :: reported self-handicapping: ________.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral self-handicapping involves creating obstacles to success, such as using drugs and alcohol, while reported self-handicapping involves making excuses, like blaming a bad mood or test anxiety.

Question 18

Researchers randomly assigned participants to pray or not before doing a task that required a lot of energy.The group that prayed

Accepted Answer

The question states that the task required a lot of energy, which suggests that it may be emotionally taxing. Therefore, it makes sense that those who prayed were better able to suppress their emotions during the second experimental task compared to those who did not pray. There is no mention of laughter, crying, or incomplete tasks related to the prayer intervention.

Question 19

On the night of an important basketball game, Albert decided to leave his glasses at home.When his coach asked him if he wanted to return home to get them, Albert told the coach that he would rather not risk missing part of the game and that he'd try his best without them.Which of the following self-presentational strategies is Albert using?

Accepted Answer

Albert is using self-handicapping by voluntarily creating a potential excuse for not performing well (i.e. not having his glasses) in case the game doesn't go well. This way, if he doesn't perform well, he can attribute it to his lack of glasses rather than his lack of ability or effort.

Question 20

After his psychology class, Albert tells his professor that she is an exceptional teacher and that he thinks she made the material interesting and engaging.Assuming that he is behaving insincerely, which of the following self-presentational tactics is Albert using?

Accepted Answer

Ingratiation is a self-presentational tactic in which an individual uses flattery or other forms of praise in order to gain favor or approval from others. In this scenario, Albert is complimenting his professor in an attempt to create a positive impression and gain approval.

Quiz 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The two major ways that a person may self-handicap are and .