Question 1

Regarding prejudice and direct experiences,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) By the time they are three years old, many children show signs of race bias.
B) Prejudices that occur when members of another social group are perceived as a threat to one's own interests are referred to as group prejudices.
C) Once prejudices are established, they prevent us from accepting more positive experiences that could reverse the damage.
D) Subtle influences, such as parents' attitudes, the depiction of people in books and on TV, and exposure to children of other races, can have an impact on one becoming prejudiced.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regarding prejudice and direct experiences,which of the...

Question 2

Common sources of prejudice include
A) adherence to group norms
B) a general personality trait known as authoritarianism.
C) unfortunate experiences with members of the rejected group.
D) all of these.

Accepted Answer

All of these factors can contribute to prejudice. Adherence to group norms can lead individuals to adopt the attitudes and beliefs of their social group, which may include prejudicial attitudes. Authoritarianism is characterized by a preference for obedience to authority and intolerance of dissent, which can lead to a view of certain groups as inferior or threatening. Unfortunate experiences with members of a particular group can lead to negative stereotypes and biases towards the entire group.

Question 3

A collection of personal attitudes and values marked by rigidity,inhibition,prejudice,oversimplification,and ethnocentrism describes the __________ personality.
A) antisocial
B) socially-distant
C) Type A
D) authoritarian

Accepted Answer

The given collection of attitudes and values is typical of an authoritarian personality, which is marked by a desire for control, adherence to authority, and a lack of openness to new ideas or perspectives outside of one's own cultural or social group. This personality type can manifest in prejudice and oversimplification of complex issues.

Question 4

If you show a negative attitude toward members of another group only because your friends or co-workers expect you to think about this group as they do,you are exhibiting
A) cognitive dissonance.
B) personal prejudice.
C) group prejudice.
D) discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Group prejudice refers to the adoption of negative attitudes and beliefs about a particular group based on the influence of one's social group, such as friends or co-workers. It is different from personal prejudice, which is a negative attitude toward a group that is based on one's own beliefs and experiences. Discrimination is a behavior that involves treating individuals unfairly based on their membership in a particular group. Cognitive dissonance is a psychological term that refers to the discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or values. While it may be a factor in the development of group prejudice, it is not the best answer to the question posed.

Question 5

Sam believes that members of another ethnic group are a threat to his obtaining a good job as well as receiving financial aid to attend college.Sam is exhibiting
A) discrimination.
B) personal prejudice.
C) group prejudice.
D) stereotyping.

Accepted Answer

Sam is exhibiting personal prejudice as he holds a negative belief about another ethnic group that affects his perception of job and financial aid opportunities.

Question 6

Gordon Allport concluded that there are two important sources of prejudice,which are
A) personal prejudice and group prejudice.
B) institutionalized prejudice and symbolic prejudice.
C) racial prejudice and gender biases.
D) social prejudice and ethnocentrism.

Accepted Answer

Allport identified personal prejudice, which stems from individual attitudes and feelings, and group prejudice, which arises from an individual's identification with specific groups and the group's attitudes towards other groups, as the two important sources of prejudice.

Question 7

Since the 9-11 terrorist attacks in the United States,people who look "foreign" have become targets of hostility.This is an example of
A) stereotyped aggression.
B) displaced aggression.
C) symbolic prejudice.
D) egocentrism.

Accepted Answer

Displaced aggression occurs when someone directs their anger or hostility towards a person or group that is not the actual source of their frustration, often because the real source is too powerful or inaccessible. In this case, people who look "foreign" are unfairly targeted due to the anger and fear stemming from the 9-11 attacks.

Question 8

Which of the following researchers started out by studying anti-Semitism,found that people who are prejudiced against one group tend to be prejudiced against all out-groups,and described the characteristics of the authoritarian personality?
A) Theodore Adorno
B) Albert Bandura
C) David Buss
D) Elliot Aronson

Accepted Answer

Theodore Adorno started out by studying anti-Semitism, found that people who are prejudiced against one group tend to be prejudiced against all out-groups, and described the characteristics of the authoritarian personality.

Question 9

Group prejudice occurs when
A) groupthink occurs.
B) prejudice is directed toward a racial group.
C) there is a threat to an individual's security by a group.
D) there is adherence to group norms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Group prejudice occurs when
A) groupthink occurs.
B) prejudice...

Question 10

When members of another social group represent a threat to an individual's security or comfort,the resultant prejudice is termed __________ prejudice.
A) personal
B) institutional
C) stereotyped
D) reference group

Accepted Answer

Personal prejudice arises from direct negative experiences with members of a particular group, leading to an individual's negative attitudes and feelings towards that group. This type of prejudice is often based on personal biases and past experiences, rather than societal or cultural factors.

Question 11

A prejudicial attitude held toward persons who are perceived as a direct threat to one's own interests are referred to as a(n)__________ prejudice.
A) personal
B) institutional
C) stereotyped
D) reference group

Accepted Answer

Personal prejudice refers to the negative feelings and beliefs that an individual holds toward a specific group because they feel threatened by them. This type of prejudice is based on personal experiences and perceptions rather than societal or institutional factors. Institutional prejudice, on the other hand, is rooted in systems and structures that discriminate against certain groups, while stereotyped prejudice is based on commonly held beliefs and attitudes about a particular group. Reference group prejudice is more focused on the positive or negative effects of group membership on an individual's self-esteem and self-identity.

Question 12

Adorno and colleagues studied personality characteristics related to prejudice.Which of the following statements describes their findings?
A) The study indicated that the development of prejudice is the direct result of negative experiences with a specific "out" group.
B) The subjects who showed prejudice against one group, such as Jews, also showed prejudice toward other "out" groups.
C) The study indicated that there were no specific personality traits associated with the development of prejudice.
D) The subjects who showed prejudice against one group were not necessarily prejudiced against other "out" groups.

Accepted Answer

Adorno and colleagues found that individuals who displayed prejudice towards one group were likely to display prejudice towards other "out" groups as well, indicating a more general personality trait associated with prejudice.

Question 13

Authoritarians tend to highly value social conformity with this tendency more recently being termed __________ authoritarianism.
A) right-wing
B) left-wing
C) narcissistic
D) fascist

Accepted Answer

Right-wing authoritarianism is a personality trait characterized by high levels of authoritarianism, social conformity, and adherence to traditional values. It is typically associated with conservative political views and an emphasis on obedience to authority. This type of authoritarianism is often contrasted with left-wing authoritarianism, which is characterized by a focus on social equality and a rejection of traditional authority structures.

Question 14

Some researchers believe that prejudice can be traced to a general personality pattern known as the __________ personality.
A) intolerant
B) authoritarian
C) Type A
D) antisocial

Accepted Answer

The authoritarian personality is characterized by a rigid adherence to conventional beliefs, submission to authority figures, and a tendency to be prejudiced against people who are perceived to be different. Research has found that individuals with authoritarian personalities are more likely to hold prejudiced attitudes towards various groups.

Question 15

Prejudice held out of conformity to group views is referred to as
A) groupthink.
B) group prejudice.
C) personal prejudice.
D) stereotyping.

Accepted Answer

Group prejudice refers to prejudices that are adopted to conform to the views of a group, rather than being based on personal beliefs or experiences.

Question 16

People who tend to value social conformity,oversimplify issues as totally right or totally wrong,and consider their own ethnic group and themselves superior to others are said to have a(n)__________ personality.
A) histrionic
B) authoritarian
C) Type A
D) Type B

Accepted Answer

The described personality traits are characteristic of an authoritarian personality, which is a personality type characterized by a strong emphasis on conformity, obedience to authority, and a belief in absolute right and wrong.

Question 17

Peter,who belongs to the "preppie" clique at the high school,is seen talking to a couple members of the "gothic" clique.Several members of his "preppie" group explain to Peter why he should not be seen talking to "those other people." If Peter adheres to the expectations of his clique,he will be exhibiting
A) group prejudice.
B) personal prejudice.
C) scapegoating.
D) social stereotyping.

Accepted Answer

Group prejudice occurs when members of a group collectively hold negative attitudes or biases towards members of another group, which is demonstrated by the "preppie" clique's disapproval of Peter talking to the "gothic" clique.

Question 18

Ben is very social conforming,tends to oversimplify issues into "totally right or totally wrong" sides.With his children,he is overly strict,expecting complete obedience from them,while at work he always seems to be concerned with who "has the power." Ben would be described as having a(n)__________ personality.
A) antisocial
B) authoritarian
C) Type B
D) Type A

Accepted Answer

Ben's behavior of expecting complete obedience from his children and always being concerned with who "has the power" at work is indicative of an authoritarian personality. This type of personality is characterized by a desire for control and obedience, and a tendency to oversimplify issues into "totally right or totally wrong" sides. This is not indicative of antisocial, Type B, or Type A personality types.

Question 19

Once prejudices are established,they prevent us from
A) accepting more positive experiences that could reverse the damage.
B) becoming dogmatic and developing ethnocentrism.
C) future stereotyping.
D) experiencing cognitive dissonance.

Accepted Answer

Prejudices can create a negative bias that prevents us from accepting positive experiences that could challenge or reverse the stereotype. This is why exposure to diversity and different cultures is important in combating prejudice. Choices B, C, and D are not the best choices as they do not directly address the question asked.

Question 20

William was bullied by members of a particular ethnic group all through elementary school.Due to this experience,he has developed a lifelong dislike for all members of the group.William is exhibiting
A) discrimination.
B) personal prejudice.
C) group prejudice.
D) stereotyping.

Accepted Answer

William's negative attitude towards members of a particular ethnic group is an example of personal prejudice, which is an individual's negative feelings and perceptions towards members of an out-group based on their group membership, experiences, or beliefs. Discrimination refers to the unfair treatment or actions towards individuals or groups based on their group membership, while group prejudice refers to negative attitudes and beliefs shared by members of a particular group towards members of another group. Stereotyping involves making assumptions and generalizations about individuals based on their group membership. While William's attitude may lead to discriminatory behavior, based on the information provided, personal prejudice is the best description of William's behavior.

Quiz 17: B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Regarding prejudice and direct experiences,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Common sources of prejudice include

A collection of personal attitudes and values marked by rigidity,inhibition,prejudice,oversimplification,and ethnocentrism describes the __________ personality.

If you show a negative attitude toward members of another group only because your friends or co-workers expect you to think about this group as they do,you are exhibiting

Sam believes that members of another ethnic group are a threat to his obtaining a good job as well as receiving financial aid to attend college.Sam is exhibiting

Gordon Allport concluded that there are two important sources of prejudice,which are

Since the 9-11 terrorist attacks in the United States,people who look "foreign" have become targets of hostility.This is an example of

Which of the following researchers started out by studying anti-Semitism,found that people who are prejudiced against one group tend to be prejudiced against all out-groups,and described the characteristics of the authoritarian personality?

Group prejudice occurs when

When members of another social group represent a threat to an individual's security or comfort,the resultant prejudice is termed __________ prejudice.

A prejudicial attitude held toward persons who are perceived as a direct threat to one's own interests are referred to as a(n) __________ prejudice.

Adorno and colleagues studied personality characteristics related to prejudice.Which of the following statements describes their findings?

Authoritarians tend to highly value social conformity with this tendency more recently being termed __________ authoritarianism.

Some researchers believe that prejudice can be traced to a general personality pattern known as the __________ personality.

Prejudice held out of conformity to group views is referred to as

People who tend to value social conformity,oversimplify issues as totally right or totally wrong,and consider their own ethnic group and themselves superior to others are said to have a(n) __________ personality.

Once prejudices are established,they prevent us from

William was bullied by members of a particular ethnic group all through elementary school.Due to this experience,he has developed a lifelong dislike for all members of the group.William is exhibiting