Question 1

Behavior therapy methods for fear reduction include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Aversive conditioning is not typically used for fear reduction in behavior therapy. Instead, it is used to decrease the likelihood of certain behaviors by associating them with an unpleasant stimulus. The other options, systematic desensitization, flooding, and modeling, are all commonly used methods for reducing fear through behavior therapy.

Question 2

Systematic desensitization procedures assume that fear is a(n) __________ response.

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a type of therapy based on classical conditioning. It assumes that fear is a conditioned or learned response, which can be unlearned or reduced through systematic exposure to the feared stimulus or situation paired with relaxation techniques.

Question 3

When a painful or aversive stimulus is paired with unwanted desires to change a habit by making it less desirable, this is called

Accepted Answer

Aversive conditioning involves pairing an undesired behavior with an unpleasant stimulus, making the behavior less desirable. The other options do not involve pairing an aversive stimulus with unwanted desires.

Question 4

Your client suffers with claustrophobia and can't get on the elevator at her place of employment. You help her construct an approach hierarchy to work toward riding the elevator. Your client is trained in relaxation before the approach hierarchy is used. This method is indicative of

Accepted Answer

The use of relaxation techniques and the construction of an approach hierarchy are both key components of systematic desensitization, which is a type of exposure therapy used to treat phobias and anxiety disorders. The other answer choices (modeling, aversive conditioning, and flooding) do not involve these specific techniques and are not as appropriate for addressing claustrophobia.

Question 5

Flooding, systematic desensitization, and modeling are behavioral methods for reducing

Accepted Answer

Flooding, systematic desensitization, and modeling are all behavioral methods that have been used successfully to reduce fear.

Question 6

According to the results of therapy using systematic desensitization, as self-efficacy increases,

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a type of therapy that involves gradually exposing the person to their fears or phobias in a controlled and safe way. As the person becomes more confident and feels more in control during these exposure sessions, their self-efficacy increases. As a result, their fear decreases, and they become less anxious in situations that once caused them distress. Therefore, Option A is the correct choice.

Question 7

According to behavior modification, if a habit is not reinforced, it will become

Accepted Answer

Behavior modification theory suggests that if a habit is not reinforced, it will eventually become extinct or disappear. This process is known as extinction, which involves the gradual reduction and eventual elimination of a behavior due to the lack of reinforcement. In other words, if a behavior is not rewarded, it is likely to decrease and ultimately stop occurring altogether.

Question 8

Modeling relies on

Accepted Answer

Modeling refers to learning through observation and imitation of others' behaviors. Observational learning is the process through which modeling occurs. Therefore, observational learning is essential for modeling.

Question 9

Pairing drug-induced nausea/vomiting or electric shock with unwanted behaviors or impulses is called

Accepted Answer

Aversive conditioning involves pairing an unpleasant stimulus with an unwanted behavior or response in order to decrease the likelihood of that behavior or response occurring in the future. The examples provided of drug-induced nausea/vomiting or electric shock are both unpleasant stimuli that can be paired with unwanted behaviors or impulses as part of an aversive conditioning approach. Negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a certain behavior occurring, exposure therapy aims to reduce anxiety or fear by gradual exposure to a feared stimulus, and higher-order conditioning involves pairing a previously neutral stimulus with a conditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response.

Question 10

In a classroom with emotionally challenged students, the teacher gives out coupons for appropriate behavior and takes them away for inappropriate behavior. At the end of the day, coupons can be traded for different rewards. The teacher is employing the _______ method.

Accepted Answer

The teacher is implementing a token economy by providing coupons (tokens) for appropriate behavior and taking them away for inappropriate behavior. The coupons can then be traded for rewards at the end of the day. This method is often used in classrooms with students who have emotional or behavioral challenges, as it provides a clear system of consequences and rewards. A is incorrect because shaping involves gradually guiding behavior towards a desired outcome, which is not the case in this scenario. B is incorrect because modeling involves demonstrating behavior for others to imitate, which is not happening here. D is incorrect because aversive conditioning involves associating an unpleasant stimulus with an unwanted behavior, which is not what is happening with the coupons.

Question 11

Systematic desensitization is to _______ as modeling is to _______.

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization involves gradually exposing a person to their fear while modeling involves observing someone else's behavior and learning from it. Therefore, the best answer is D - doing (experiencing) is to observing (modeling).

Question 12

Behavior therapists help clients to become aware of the __________ in which maladaptive behavior occurs.

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapists focus on identifying the specific circumstances or factors that trigger and maintain maladaptive behavior patterns. By increasing awareness of these circumstances, individuals can begin to develop more adaptive behaviors and responses. While unconscious processes and relationships may also be important factors in behavior, they are not the primary focus of behavior therapy. Guilt reactions may be addressed in therapy but are not necessarily the main focus.

Question 13

Your therapist teaches you progressive muscle relaxation and then works with you to make a list of circumstances that disturb you, from the minor ones up through the worst you can imagine. She is using the behavioral technique called

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using the technique of systematic desensitization, which involves learning relaxation techniques and gradually exposing oneself to feared or disturbing situations in a controlled and safe environment. The goal is to reduce anxiety and overcome the fear or disturbance, making it a behavioral technique.

Question 14

A would-be quitter's therapist has him sit in front of a machine that blows smoke in his face while he smokes one cigarette after another. This technique is called

Accepted Answer

Rapid smoking is a technique where the smoker is made to smoke cigarettes in quick succession, often leading to discomfort and aversion, which is intended to help them quit smoking.

Question 15

Which of the following examples best represents using operant conditioning to change behavior?

Accepted Answer

Withdrawing attention whenever a child has a temper tantrum is an example of operant conditioning, specifically the technique of negative reinforcement. By removing attention (which is a negative stimulus), the undesirable behavior of throwing a tantrum is less likely to occur in the future.

Question 16

To treat an alcoholic, the behavior therapist prescribes a pill that the client is to take every day. This medication will cause nausea and vomiting if the client ingests alcohol. This is a(n) _______ technique.

Accepted Answer

Aversive conditioning involves associating a negative or unpleasant experience with a behavior in order to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future. In this scenario, the medication causing nausea and vomiting when alcohol is consumed is an aversive experience that is meant to discourage the alcoholic from drinking.

Question 17

An aversive conditioning technique for those who wish to quit smoking involves

Accepted Answer

The answer of An aversive conditioning technique for those who...

Question 18

One of the most successful techniques for overcoming phobias is

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a type of behavioral therapy that is often used to treat phobias. It involves gradually exposing the individual to the feared stimulus in a controlled and safe way, while teaching relaxation techniques to manage the anxiety that arises. Over time, repeated exposure to the stimulus combined with relaxation leads to a reduction in the fear response. Aversive conditioning (A) involves pairing an unpleasant stimulus with a behavior to reduce the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future, while token economies (B) involve the use of rewards and punishments to shape behavior. Classical conditioning (D) is a type of learning where two stimuli are paired together to produce a response.

Question 19

Behavior therapists argue that the effectiveness of therapy depends upon specific

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapists focus on learning-based procedures, such as operant and classical conditioning, to target and change maladaptive behaviors. They believe that by changing these behaviors, individuals can improve their overall functioning and mental health. Ego defenses, cathartic experiences, and directive dialogs are not central to the behavior therapy approach.

Question 20

Instead of working on approaching a feared situation like flying, a client observes another individual getting on the plane, taking off, and arriving safely at their destination. This method for overcoming fear responses is called

Accepted Answer

Modeling is a therapy technique where the client observes another person's behavior that addresses their phobia or fear. The observed behavior can be effective in reassuring them, building their confidence and serving as a model for future behavior. In this case, the client observes an individual getting on the plane, taking off, and arriving safely at their destination, which can help them overcome their fear of flying. Desensitizing uses gradual exposure to the feared situation until it becomes less threatening, flooding puts the patient into a situation that causes fear without a chance to escape, and imitating is copying the behavior of someone else without them being aware that they are being copied. Among these options, modeling best describes the technique the client is using.

Quiz 13: Methods of Therapy