Question 1

A person who feels very strongly in the sanctity of human life is likely to support pro-life legislation, whereas someone who merely agrees that people have a right to live is less likely to be concerned over the legislation. This demonstrates the effect that the ________ of attitudes has on behavior.

Accepted Answer

The strength of attitudes refers to how strongly an individual feels about a particular issue or belief. In the given scenario, the person who strongly believes in the sanctity of human life has a stronger attitude toward the issue, leading them to support pro-life legislation. Therefore, the effect of the strength of attitudes on behavior is demonstrated in this situation.

Question 2

Attitudes are

Accepted Answer

Attitudes are learned through experiences and interactions with our environment, including shaping from social and cultural influences. There is no evidence to suggest that attitudes are innate or genetically transmitted. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.

Question 3

When you get up in the morning and think about your job that you dislike, you would really prefer to stay in bed, so you call in sick. This shows how __________ can affect behavior.

Accepted Answer

Attitudes are our evaluations and feelings about people, events, and objects that influence our behavior. In this scenario, the negative attitude towards the job is causing the behavior of calling in sick to avoid going to work.

Question 4

A salesperson for vitamins gives out a medical journal article that discusses the research on a particular vitamin's benefits. The salesperson is using the ________ route to persuade customers to buy his product.

Accepted Answer

The central route to persuasion involves using logic and reason to appeal to the audience's cognitive processing abilities, such as presenting research and evidence to support the benefits of a product. In this case, the salesperson is using a medical journal article, which appeals to the customers' intellect and is an example of the central route to persuasion.

Question 5

Kryzanta often finds that what she feels and believes does not correspond with what she does. This is typical for most people and is what social psychologists refer to as the

Accepted Answer

The A-B problem refers to the dissociation between attitudes (A) and behavior (B). This means that people often hold certain attitudes or beliefs, but their behavior may not necessarily reflect them. This discrepancy between attitudes and behavior is a common occurrence and is a central concept in social psychology.

Question 6

In the elaboration likelihood model, two types of persuasive communications can be used. These are the central route and the ________ route.

Accepted Answer

The other option provided in the question is a made-up term ("secondary" and "outside" have no relevance to the elaboration likelihood model). The correct answer is A) peripheral, which is the other route to persuasion identified in the elaboration likelihood model. The central route requires the audience to engage in high levels of cognitive processing and careful consideration of the message, while the peripheral route utilizes cues such as attractive visuals or celebrity endorsements to influence attitudes without requiring much thought.

Question 7

The A-B problem refers to the fact that

Accepted Answer

The A-B problem refers to the weak to moderate link between attitudes (A) and behaviors (B). This means that even if someone has a strong attitude towards something, it does not necessarily mean they will behave accordingly. Research shows that other factors such as social norms, situational factors, and personal values play a role in determining behavior.

Question 8

John's parents never cared for Southerners. They thought Southerners were slow and lazy. John often heard them make jokes about the South. John is being transferred to Alabama, and he knows he won't like it because of the people there. He acquired this attitude through _______ learning.

Accepted Answer

Observational learning refers to the process of learning through observing the behaviors of others and the consequences of those behaviors. In this case, John developed his negative attitude towards Southerners by observing his parents' negative attitudes and hearing their jokes, which influenced his own beliefs and attitudes.

Question 9

Dr. Fry conducts research on the attitudes of youth and dating in schools. He is a psychologist in the area of

Accepted Answer

Dr. Fry's research falls under social psychology, which examines the behavior, thoughts, and emotions of individuals in social situations. His specific focus on attitudes toward dating among youth makes it clear that he is not a school social director who would be more focused on implementing programs and policies within a school, nor is he necessarily investigating how culture plays a role in behavior as a cultural psychologist would.

Question 10

Which of the following attitude statements is most likely to be consistent with vested interest?

Accepted Answer

Vested interest refers to a personal stake or involvement in an outcome that compels an individual to hold a particular attitude or belief. In option B, the individual has a direct, personal reason (the health of their baby) to stop smoking, indicating a vested interest in the outcome.

Question 11

When Tamara and her classmates say the Pledge of Allegiance every morning, their teacher smiles and approves. This is an example of children acquiring attitudes such as patriotism through

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Tamara and her classmates say the...

Question 12

If you were attempting to predict voters' choice in an election, it would be better to know their attitude toward the particular candidates rather than their party affiliation. This demonstrates the _______ factor of the A-B problem.

Accepted Answer

The specificity factor of the A-B problem (attitude-behavior problem) suggests that attitudes predict behavior more accurately when the attitudes are specific to the behavior in question. Knowing voters' attitudes toward specific candidates provides a more direct and specific prediction of voting behavior than does knowing their general party affiliation.

Question 13

The ________ route is to facts and research results as the ________ route is to status and prestige.

Accepted Answer

The central route is characterized by an individual using logical arguments and reliable evidence to form an opinion. This fits with facts and research results. On the other hand, the peripheral route is characterized by focusing on superficial factors such as the presenter's status or prestige, rather than the actual content of the message. This fits with focusing on status and prestige rather than facts and research results.

Question 14

Research has shown that ________ to any stimulus increases the likelihood that people will like it and react favorably to it.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that repeated exposure to any stimulus, whether it's a person, a product, or an idea, can increase people's liking and positive reactions towards it. This phenomenon is called the mere-exposure effect, and it suggests that the more familiar people become with something, the more comfortable and trusting they are likely to feel towards it. This effect has been observed in various contexts, from advertising and marketing to social psychology and interpersonal relationships.

Question 15

When a famous movie star endorses a cosmetic, advertisers are using a ________ route to persuade customers to buy their product.

Accepted Answer

The peripheral route to persuasion involves using peripheral cues, such as celebrity endorsements or attractive packaging, to influence consumers' decisions. In this case, the famous movie star endorsement is a peripheral cue being used to persuade customers to buy the cosmetic.

Question 16

Your friend was recently killed by a drunk driver. Students from an organization against drunk drivers ask you to sign their petition and donate to their cause. You are more than happy to comply because of your friend's recent demise. This demonstrates how the ________ of your attitude influences your behavior.

Accepted Answer

Accessibility refers to the degree to which a particular attitude is at the forefront of one's mind and easily retrievable, which in this case, refers to the recent death of the friend due to drunk driving, making the attitude towards drunk driving highly accessible and thus influencing the behavior to comply with the organization's request.

Question 17

The first time that Timko saw a certain pickup truck, he immediately liked the way it performed. Later, he learned that its performance was good, but not as good as he had first thought. His initial attitude, by which he judged later ideas about the car, is what social psychologists call a

Accepted Answer

Timko's initial attitude serves as a reference point or "cognitive anchor" for his later judgments about the pickup truck, influencing how he interprets new information about its performance.

Question 18

Which factor influences the probability that we can predict people's behavior from attitudes?

Accepted Answer

The probability that we can predict people's behavior from attitudes is influenced by both the strength of the attitude and the vested interest a person has in the subject. Stronger attitudes and higher vested interests make behaviors more predictable.

Question 19

Factors that influence the likelihood that behavior can be predicted from attitudes include the following except

Accepted Answer

The other options (specificity, accessibility, and vested interest) are all factors that are known to influence the likelihood that behavior can be predicted from attitudes. However, universality (or whether others share the same attitude) is not necessarily a key factor in this regard. In fact, some research has suggested that individuals may be more likely to act on attitudes that are unique to them or that set them apart from others (i.e., non-universal attitudes).

Question 20

The transformation of "ordinary" people to those who act in evil ways is known as the _____ effect.

Accepted Answer

The term "Lucifer Effect" refers to the phenomenon where ordinary people can engage in acts of evil under certain circumstances. It was popularized by psychologist Philip Zimbardo, following his famous Stanford prison experiment.

Quiz 14: Social Psychology