Question 1

Why might scholars be hesitant to point out differences in socialization practices among diverse ethnic and social class groupings?
A)because little or no research has been done on this area
B)because sociologists are not really interested in the effect of social class and ethnicity
C)because such differences have typically been interpreted to be a sign of inadequate socialization practices
D)because they fear that North American methods of socialization will be found to be insufficient

Accepted Answer

Scholars may be hesitant to point out differences in socialization practices among diverse ethnic and social class groupings because such differences have historically been interpreted as a sign of inadequate socialization practices, leading to criticisms of cultural and ethnic groups.

Question 2

According Carol Gilligan's research,what kind of criteria are men socialized to base their moral decisions on?
A)justice
B)selfish concerns
C)compassion and care
D)making other people happy

Accepted Answer

According to Carol Gilligan's research, men are socialized to base their moral decisions on justice.

Question 3

What concept do sociologists use to refer to the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group or society?
A)sex role socialization
B)sex socialization
C)gender socialization
D)feminization and masculinization socialization

Accepted Answer

Gender socialization refers to the specific messages and practices that a society or group conveys to individuals about the nature of being female or male. It includes the ways in which expectations about gender roles are communicated and reinforced through social interactions and cultural norms. Sex role socialization (A) and sex socialization (B) are related concepts but not as comprehensive in capturing the full scope of gender socialization. Feminization and masculinization socialization (D) is not a commonly used term in sociology.

Question 4

What is the first stage of cognitive development,as set forth by Jean Piaget?
A)preoperational
B)concrete operational
C)formal operational
D)sensorimotor

Accepted Answer

The first stage of cognitive development, as set forth by Jean Piaget, is the sensorimotor stage. This stage occurs from birth to age 2 and is characterized by the infant's interactions with the environment through their senses and actions. During this stage, infants learn about their environment through trial and error, and develop object permanence towards the end of the stage.

Question 5

In order to assess women's stages of moral development,Carol Gilligan conducted a study of pregnant women who were contemplating having an abortion.According to Gilligan,what motivated the women in the first stage of moral development?
A)anger
B)selfish concerns
C)a desire to do what is best for themselves and for others
D)their responsibility to others

Accepted Answer

According to Gilligan, women in the first stage of moral development are motivated by their own selfish concerns and needs, without considering the needs or interests of others. These women may weigh the potential negative consequences of having a child or having an abortion, but their decision-making is primarily focused on their own welfare.

Question 6

For what reason did Carol Gilligan criticize Lawrence Kohlberg's work?
A)for underestimating human potential for immorality
B)for being based on only male subjects
C)for ignoring key social psychological insights
D)for overemphasizing the subconscious mind

Accepted Answer

Carol Gilligan criticized Lawrence Kohlberg's work for being based on only male subjects, which resulted in a limited understanding of moral development that did not take into account gender differences and the experiences of females.

Question 7

In what stage of Jean Piaget's theory are individuals able to engage in highly abstract thought,able to think about the future,and able to evaluate different options or courses of action?
A)the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development
B)the formal operational stage of cognitive development
C)the preoperational stage of cognitive development
D)the concrete operational stage of cognitive development

Accepted Answer

The formal operational stage of cognitive development, which typically begins around age 11 or 12 and continues through adulthood, is characterized by the ability to engage in highly abstract thought, think about the future, and evaluate different options or courses of action. This stage represents the highest level of cognitive development according to Piaget's theory.

Question 8

After hearing a story about a poor boy who gives a new friend his prized soccer jersey,a six-year-old boy begins to weep.His teacher might explain his behaviour in Piaget's terms by calling attention to the boy's having reached what stage of development?
A)the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development
B)the formal operational stage of cognitive development
C)the preoperational stage of cognitive development
D)the concrete operational stage of cognitive development

Accepted Answer

The answer of After hearing a story about a poor...

Question 9

Two-year-old Erin reaches for a toy behind the sofa.What ability would Jean Piaget argue that Erin has mastered?
A)egocentricity
B)object permanence
C)human interactions
D)psychological insight

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development includes the concept of object permanence, which suggests that young children understand that objects continue to exist even if they are no longer visible or within reach. Erin's reaching for a toy behind the sofa indicates that she has mastered this ability.

Question 10

According to Sigmund Freud,what level of personality does a newborn baby's personality exhibit?
A)the id
B)the ego
C)the superego
D)the psychic energy

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the id is the most primitive and instinctual level of personality, present from birth. The id operates based on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of desires and needs. Therefore, a newborn baby's personality would primarily exhibit id impulses and drives.

Question 11

What part of Freud's theory is most closely related to Mead's notion of the "me"?
A)the id
B)the ego
C)the superego
D)both the id and the ego

Accepted Answer

The superego in Freud's theory is similar to Mead's "me" as both involve internalized societal norms and values that guide behavior.

Question 12

In Lawrence Kohlberg's theory,what are people are most concerned with when they reach the conventional level?
A)law and order
B)how they are perceived by others
C)naive instrumental hedonism
D)punishment and obedience

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Lawrence Kohlberg's theory,what are people are...

Question 13

Teens who attend driver training or practise driving with an adult driver are engaging in what form of socialization?
A)primary
B)anticipatory
C)gender
D)preparatory

Accepted Answer

Anticipatory socialization involves learning and adopting expected behaviors and attitudes of a future role or status. In this case, teens who attend driver training or practice driving with an adult driver are engaging in anticipatory socialization, as they are preparing to take on the role of a licensed driver. Primary socialization occurs in childhood and establishes an individual's basic sense of self and understanding of the world. Gender socialization involves learning the expected behaviors and attitudes associated with one's gender. Preparatory socialization involves learning the expected behaviors and attitudes associated with a specific role or status, such as a student preparing for a career. While some aspects of gender and preparatory socialization may be involved in learning to drive, anticipatory socialization is the most appropriate term.

Question 14

What differentiates an individual who has reached the postconventional level of moral development?
A)their concern with meeting needs
B)their concern for rights and moral conduct
C)their concern with rules and punishment
D)their concern with approval from others

Accepted Answer

An individual who has reached the postconventional level of moral development is characterized by their concern for rights and moral conduct. This means that their decision-making and behavior are guided by their own internal moral principles and values, rather than external factors such as rules or authority figures. They are more concerned with doing what is right and just, even if it goes against societal norms or expectations.

Question 15

If you followed the work of Jean Piaget,what would you argue is responsible for governing children's activities?
A)individual psyches
B)perception of the world around them
C)socialization
D)interactions with others

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, children's activities and behaviors are governed by their perception of the world around them. Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes that children actively construct their understanding of the world as they interact with it. This understanding is based on children's perceptions, which are shaped by their experiences and interactions with the environment. Individual psyches, socialization, and interactions with others are also important factors in children's development, but Piaget believed that perception played a primary role in governing children's activities.

Question 16

What kind of socialization are we getting when we learn knowledge and skills to prepare us for future roles?
A)preparatory socialization
B)anticipatory socialization
C)protective socialization
D)total socialization

Accepted Answer

Anticipatory socialization involves learning the knowledge and skills necessary to prepare for future roles, such as a student learning about a career they hope to pursue. Preparatory socialization focuses on learning the skills necessary for a current role, protective socialization involves learning rules and behaviors to avoid harm, and total socialization involves learning the norms and values of society as a whole.

Question 17

What field of study did Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget pioneer?
A)psychoanalysis
B)psychosocial development
C)cognitive development
D)interactionism

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget pioneered the field of cognitive development, which involves the study of how children's thinking processes evolve as they mature. He is best known for his theory of cognitive stages, which proposes that children progress through four distinct stages of mental development.

Question 18

According to Jean Piaget's theory,when do we have the ability to make plans for the future based on our evaluation of options?
A)after reaching the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development
B)after reaching the formal operational stage of cognitive development
C)after reaching the preoperational stage of cognitive development
D)after reaching the concrete operational stage of cognitive development

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory, the formal operational stage occurs from adolescence through adulthood. During this stage, individuals are able to engage in abstract thinking and consider hypothetical situations. They are also able to plan for the future and evaluate different options. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 19

In the preconventional level of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory,what is the main concern during for moral development?
A)need satisfaction
B)punishment avoidance
C)preserving individual rights
D)gaining approval from peers

Accepted Answer

In the preconventional level, the main concern for moral development is punishment avoidance. This means that individuals make decisions based on avoiding punishment and seeking rewards. Their actions are focused on satisfying their own needs rather than considering the well-being of others.

Question 20

Many parents dress their baby boys in blue clothing and their baby girls in pink clothing.To what process are they contributing?
A)gender socialization
B)sex role typing
C)resocialization
D)sex typing

Accepted Answer

The parents are contributing to gender socialization, which is the process of learning and internalizing the norms and expectations of one's gender, including what colors and clothing are appropriate for boys and girls.

Quiz 4: Socialization

Why might scholars be hesitant to point out differences in socialization practices among diverse ethnic and social class groupings?

According Carol Gilligan's research,what kind of criteria are men socialized to base their moral decisions on?

What concept do sociologists use to refer to the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group or society?

What is the first stage of cognitive development,as set forth by Jean Piaget?

In order to assess women's stages of moral development,Carol Gilligan conducted a study of pregnant women who were contemplating having an abortion.According to Gilligan,what motivated the women in the first stage of moral development?

For what reason did Carol Gilligan criticize Lawrence Kohlberg's work?

In what stage of Jean Piaget's theory are individuals able to engage in highly abstract thought,able to think about the future,and able to evaluate different options or courses of action?

After hearing a story about a poor boy who gives a new friend his prized soccer jersey,a six-year-old boy begins to weep.His teacher might explain his behaviour in Piaget's terms by calling attention to the boy's having reached what stage of development?

Two-year-old Erin reaches for a toy behind the sofa.What ability would Jean Piaget argue that Erin has mastered?

According to Sigmund Freud,what level of personality does a newborn baby's personality exhibit?

What part of Freud's theory is most closely related to Mead's notion of the "me"?

In Lawrence Kohlberg's theory,what are people are most concerned with when they reach the conventional level?

Teens who attend driver training or practise driving with an adult driver are engaging in what form of socialization?

What differentiates an individual who has reached the postconventional level of moral development?

If you followed the work of Jean Piaget,what would you argue is responsible for governing children's activities?

What kind of socialization are we getting when we learn knowledge and skills to prepare us for future roles?

What field of study did Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget pioneer?

According to Jean Piaget's theory,when do we have the ability to make plans for the future based on our evaluation of options?

In the preconventional level of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory,what is the main concern during for moral development?

Many parents dress their baby boys in blue clothing and their baby girls in pink clothing.To what process are they contributing?