Question 1

Joseph goes out with his friends for pizza.Unbeknownst to him,he is coming down with a stomach virus.When the nausea associated with the virus kicks in,he vomits.Now,Joseph cannot even look at a pizza without feeling nauseous.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is ____.

Accepted Answer

The conditioned stimulus in this scenario is the pizza because it has become associated with the nausea and vomiting that Joseph experienced due to the stomach virus. As a result, seeing or thinking about pizza now triggers a conditioned response of nausea.

Question 2

When a stimulus that originally did not cause a particular response now begins to cause that response,____ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning occurs when a previously neutral stimulus begins to elicit a particular response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 3

Yanna used to date a man who wore a lime-scented aftershave.Yanna was very attracted to this man,and now when she smells the scent of lime,she finds herself feeling slightly aroused.In this example,the man Yanna used to date is the ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of  Yanna used to date a man who...

Question 4

All examples of classical conditioning begin with a pre-existing relationship between the ____.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning occurs when an initially neutral stimulus (NS) becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) that already elicits an unconditioned response (UCR). This relationship between the UCS and UCR must already exist for classical conditioning to occur. In other words, the answer is not A or B because they suggest that the relationship between the stimuli is being established through the process of conditioning. The answer is also not D because the conditioned response (CR) is a new response that is learned through the process of conditioning, rather than an existing relationship between stimuli.

Question 5

Although hunger naturally occurs in response to an empty stomach,we can easily become conditioned to feel hunger at certain times of the day due to classical conditioning.In this case,the US would be the ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of  Although hunger naturally occurs in response to...

Question 6

The neutral stimulus in Pavlov's original studies was ____.

Accepted Answer

The buzzer was the neutral stimulus as it initially did not elicit a response or association with salivation until it was paired with the meat.

Question 7

Sarah was bitten by a dog,which naturally was a very scary experience.Now,when Sarah even hears a dog barking,she feels afraid.In this example,dog barking is the ____.

Accepted Answer

The unconditioned stimulus is the original stimulus that naturally triggers a response. In this case, it was the dog bite. The unconditioned response is the automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus, which in this case could be fear or pain. The conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus that is paired with the unconditioned stimulus to eventually elicit the same response. In this case, the sound of a dog barking became associated with the dog bite, causing fear, making it the conditioned stimulus. The conditioned response is the learned response to the conditioned stimulus, in this case, fear of the sound of dog barking, so the answer is not C, but B.

Question 8

In Pavlov's original studies,the unconditioned stimulus was ____.

Accepted Answer

In Pavlov's original studies, the unconditioned stimulus was the meat. It was the natural trigger that caused the dog to salivate before any conditioning took place.

Question 9

When Ivan Pavlov noticed that his dogs were salivating even before they were presented with meat,he ____.

Accepted Answer

Pavlov attempted to see if the dogs could learn to salivate to several different types of stimuli, not gather another group of dogs or conduct research on other types of behaviors. He did not abandon his research and begin studying operant conditioning.

Question 10

Sam recently lost his grandmother.Now Sam feels sad whenever he smells the perfume his beloved grandmother used to wear.In this example,the loss of his grandmother is the ____.

Accepted Answer

The loss of his grandmother is the UCS (unconditioned stimulus) because it is a naturally occurring event that triggers a response (sadness) without any prior learning.

Question 11

Which example illustrates a US-UR pair?

Accepted Answer

A US-UR pair involves an unconditioned stimulus (US) that naturally elicits an unconditioned response (UR). In this case, the air puff in the eye is the US and the eye blink is the UR. The other examples involve conditioned responses and/or consequences, not unconditioned responses.

Question 12

In classical conditioning,an association is learned between the ____.

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus is associated with the unconditioned stimulus, resulting in the development of a conditioned response.

Question 13

Your new neighbor is an incredibly good cook,a skill you plan to exploit whenever possible.It becomes apparent,however,that your neighbor particularly enjoys preparing fish.You eventually get used to the odor and barely notice it but,when you return home after a two-week vacation,you very much notice the odor again.This illustrates ____.

Accepted Answer

Dishabituation occurs when a previously habituated response to a stimulus returns after a period of no exposure to the stimulus, such as noticing the fish odor again after a vacation.

Question 14

Whenever you walk into your grandparent's house,you notice the wintergreen smell of the cream they rub into their knees to relieve the pain of arthritis.However,after you have been there for a while,you no longer notice it.This is because of ____.

Accepted Answer

Habituation is the process of becoming accustomed to a particular stimulus over time and no longer responding to it. In this case, the wintergreen smell is the stimulus and the individual has become habituated to it through repeated exposure, leading them to no longer notice it after being in the environment for a while.

Question 15

Freddie used to feed her cat canned cat food.Now every time Freddie uses the can opener,her cat gets very excited and starts meowing.In this example,the US is ____.

Accepted Answer

The US (unconditioned stimulus) is the cat food because it naturally (without any prior learning) causes the cat's excitement (the unconditioned response). The sound of the can opener becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with the cat food.

Question 16

Freddie used to feed her cat canned cat food.Now every time Freddie uses the can opener,her cat gets very excited and starts meowing.In this example,the UR is ____.

Accepted Answer

The UR (unconditioned response) refers to the natural, automatic response that the cat displays in response to the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (US), which is the canned cat food. In this case, the cat's excitement (meowing) is the UR, as it is an innate response that occurs naturally without any learned association. The can opener sound (C) is a neutral stimulus in this context, as it is not inherently associated with any particular response from the cat. The cat (D) is not a UR, as it is the subject of observation rather than a response to a stimulus. Similarly, the cat food (A) is not a UR, as it is the stimulus rather than the response.

Question 17

In Pavlov's original studies,salivation to meat was a(n)____,and salivation to a buzzer was a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

In Pavlov's studies, salivation to meat was an unconditioned response because it is a natural, unlearned reaction to food. Salivation to a buzzer, which initially did not cause salivation, became a conditioned response after the buzzer was repeatedly paired with the presentation of meat.

Question 18

Sam recently lost his grandmother.Now Sam feels sad whenever he smells the perfume his beloved grandmother used to wear.In this example,Sam's sadness is the ____.

Accepted Answer

Sam's sadness is the unconditioned response (UR) because it is a natural emotional reaction to the memory of his grandmother, triggered by the smell of her perfume.

Question 19

A neutral stimulus is defined as one that ____.

Accepted Answer

A neutral stimulus is one that does not naturally elicit a particular unconditioned response. It only becomes associated with a particular response through the process of classical conditioning.

Question 20

Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning through his research on ____.

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov's research on the digestive system in dogs led him to discover classical conditioning.

Quiz 6: Learning

Joseph goes out with his friends for pizza.Unbeknownst to him,he is coming down with a stomach virus.When the nausea associated with the virus kicks in,he vomits.Now,Joseph cannot even look at a pizza without feeling nauseous.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is ____.

When a stimulus that originally did not cause a particular response now begins to cause that response,____ has occurred.

Yanna used to date a man who wore a lime-scented aftershave.Yanna was very attracted to this man,and now when she smells the scent of lime,she finds herself feeling slightly aroused.In this example,the man Yanna used to date is the ____.

All examples of classical conditioning begin with a pre-existing relationship between the ____.

Although hunger naturally occurs in response to an empty stomach,we can easily become conditioned to feel hunger at certain times of the day due to classical conditioning.In this case,the US would be the ____.

The neutral stimulus in Pavlov's original studies was ____.

Sarah was bitten by a dog,which naturally was a very scary experience.Now,when Sarah even hears a dog barking,she feels afraid.In this example,dog barking is the ____.

In Pavlov's original studies,the unconditioned stimulus was ____.

When Ivan Pavlov noticed that his dogs were salivating even before they were presented with meat,he ____.

Sam recently lost his grandmother.Now Sam feels sad whenever he smells the perfume his beloved grandmother used to wear.In this example,the loss of his grandmother is the ____.

Which example illustrates a US-UR pair?

In classical conditioning,an association is learned between the ____.

Whenever you walk into your grandparent's house,you notice the wintergreen smell of the cream they rub into their knees to relieve the pain of arthritis.However,after you have been there for a while,you no longer notice it.This is because of ____.

Freddie used to feed her cat canned cat food.Now every time Freddie uses the can opener,her cat gets very excited and starts meowing.In this example,the US is ____.

Freddie used to feed her cat canned cat food.Now every time Freddie uses the can opener,her cat gets very excited and starts meowing.In this example,the UR is ____.

In Pavlov's original studies,salivation to meat was a(n) ,and salivation to a buzzer was a(n) .

Sam recently lost his grandmother.Now Sam feels sad whenever he smells the perfume his beloved grandmother used to wear.In this example,Sam's sadness is the ____.

A neutral stimulus is defined as one that ____.

Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning through his research on ____.

Quiz 6: Learning

Joseph goes out with his friends for pizza.Unbeknownst to him,he is coming down with a stomach virus.When the nausea associated with the virus kicks in,he vomits.Now,Joseph cannot even look at a pizza without feeling nauseous.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is ____.

When a stimulus that originally did not cause a particular response now begins to cause that response,____ has occurred.

Yanna used to date a man who wore a lime-scented aftershave.Yanna was very attracted to this man,and now when she smells the scent of lime,she finds herself feeling slightly aroused.In this example,the man Yanna used to date is the ____.

All examples of classical conditioning begin with a pre-existing relationship between the ____.

Although hunger naturally occurs in response to an empty stomach,we can easily become conditioned to feel hunger at certain times of the day due to classical conditioning.In this case,the US would be the ____.

The neutral stimulus in Pavlov's original studies was ____.

Sarah was bitten by a dog,which naturally was a very scary experience.Now,when Sarah even hears a dog barking,she feels afraid.In this example,dog barking is the ____.

In Pavlov's original studies,the unconditioned stimulus was ____.

When Ivan Pavlov noticed that his dogs were salivating even before they were presented with meat,he ____.

Sam recently lost his grandmother.Now Sam feels sad whenever he smells the perfume his beloved grandmother used to wear.In this example,the loss of his grandmother is the ____.

Which example illustrates a US-UR pair?

In classical conditioning,an association is learned between the ____.

Whenever you walk into your grandparent's house,you notice the wintergreen smell of the cream they rub into their knees to relieve the pain of arthritis.However,after you have been there for a while,you no longer notice it.This is because of ____.

Freddie used to feed her cat canned cat food.Now every time Freddie uses the can opener,her cat gets very excited and starts meowing.In this example,the US is ____.

Freddie used to feed her cat canned cat food.Now every time Freddie uses the can opener,her cat gets very excited and starts meowing.In this example,the UR is ____.

In Pavlov's original studies,salivation to meat was a(n) ____,and salivation to a buzzer was a(n) ____.

Sam recently lost his grandmother.Now Sam feels sad whenever he smells the perfume his beloved grandmother used to wear.In this example,Sam's sadness is the ____.

A neutral stimulus is defined as one that ____.

Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning through his research on ____.

In Pavlov's original studies,salivation to meat was a(n) ,and salivation to a buzzer was a(n) .