Question 1

Social control requires both __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

Social control involves both rewards and punishments to enforce conformity to social norms and expectations. Sanctions and compliments may also be used, but they are not as essential to the process as rewards and punishments. Both formal and informal control factors may be used, but they are not necessary for social control to occur. Finally, while emulating or avoiding certain individuals may influence social behavior, it does not necessarily constitute social control.

Question 2

Moral regulation,the effort to legislate morality,is being curbed by what phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The general support for lifestyle freedom rather than organized resistance has curbed moral regulation as people are more accepting of different lifestyles and choices, and do not feel the need to regulate them.

Question 3

Counterterrorism __________.

Accepted Answer

Counterterrorism incorporates various strategies and tactics used by government, military, law enforcement, intelligence agencies, and businesses to prevent or combat terrorism. It does not engage terrorists on an equal footing, involve prisoner abuse, or refer to warfare conducted by terrorist states.

Question 4

A CIA black site is a __________.

Accepted Answer

A CIA black site is a foreign prison operated by the CIA in which prisoners accused of terrorist activities can be interrogated outside the reach of any legal authority. These sites have been criticized for their use of torture and other inhumane interrogation techniques.

Question 5

Why were guerrilla warfare and acts of terrorism rare in history?

Accepted Answer

Rules of engagement have been observed in most conflicts throughout history, which made guerrilla warfare and terrorism rare. States typically followed some degree of formalized war practices, and even though there were times when these codes were broken, the expectation of following them kept many warriors and leaders from seizing any tactic possible.

Question 6

What criminal activity ultimately brought Enron executives to justice?

Accepted Answer

Enron executives were brought to justice for false profit reporting, which involved manipulating financial reports to make the company appear more profitable than it actually was, leading to inflated stock prices and fraudulent activities. This ultimately caused the downfall of the company and the prosecution of several high-level executives.

Question 7

The great irony in North American history is how the "demon rum" of the nineteenth century became a mark of good taste for the social drinker.What reason would best explain the cause?

Accepted Answer

The patterns of consumption changed, with alcohol becoming more normalized and socially acceptable for certain groups, leading to a shift in perception from demonized to refined.

Question 8

Why were the reprehensible acts (humiliation,cultural disrespect,torture,etc. )at the Abu Ghraib prison not a clear case of institutional deviance?

Accepted Answer

While there were attempts to cover up the actions of the soldiers involved, and military culture may have contributed to the problem, the official response from the U.S. military blamed the actions on a few bad soldiers rather than acknowledging institutional deviance. The Bush administration did not take full responsibility for the actions at Abu Ghraib.

Question 9

The transition of opiate use from an acceptable,if often abused,pain reliever to that of a pleasure-seeking drug also saw a change in __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The transition of opiate use from an...

Question 10

What is the critical difference between what President Obama did in regard to torture conducted by the military and his predecessor?

Accepted Answer

President Obama banned torture in 2009 through Executive Order 13491. His predecessor, President George W. Bush, had authorized the use of enhanced interrogation techniques, including waterboarding, which many consider to be a form of torture. However, President Obama did not prosecute Bush or any of his administration officials for their involvement in the use of torture.

Question 11

Edwin Sutherland (1949)coined the term __________ to describe unethical business practices committed by people in the course of their work lives that may put citizens at risk.

Accepted Answer

Edwin Sutherland coined the term "white-collar crime" to describe unethical business practices committed by people in the course of their work lives that may put citizens at risk. This type of crime is usually committed by professionals, such as executives, who abuse their positions of trust and violate the law for personal gain. Examples include fraud, insider trading, and bribery.

Question 12

How does labelling one as deviant reinforce the so-called "deviance"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does labelling one as deviant reinforce...

Question 13

An act of terrorism can be performed by __________.

Accepted Answer

An act of terrorism can be performed by any entity, whether a state, group, or individual. Terrorism is not limited to specific groups or nations, rather any entity that uses violence or the threat of violence to achieve their goals can be considered involved in terrorism.

Question 14

When Congress and U.S.presidents altered the __________ that precipitated the S&L crisis and the subprime loan scandal,it was a prime example of how flexible __________ is for those who hold the power.

Accepted Answer

The S&L crisis and subprime loan scandal were both caused by deviant behavior within the banking industry. Congress and U.S. presidents were able to alter banking laws to address the issues, showing how flexible deviancy is for those in power. The other answer choices do not accurately reflect the situation described in the question.

Question 15

Which of the following would best illustrate the emphasis on the process of defining deviance?

Accepted Answer

The shift in labeling cigarette smoking from "sophisticated" to "self-destructive" highlights how societal definitions of deviance can change over time, emphasizing the process of defining what is considered deviant.

Question 16

One police officer decides to pull over drivers going 20 kilometres per hour (km/h)over the speed limit.To make his quota,another police officer decides to pull over drivers going 10 km/h over the limit.Who is being fairer?

Accepted Answer

The answer of One police officer decides to pull over...

Question 17

The deviance implicit in a drone strike is that __________.

Accepted Answer

The deviance implicit in a drone strike is mainly that it can kill noncombatants, including innocent civilians, who are not the intended targets. This violates the principle of proportionality in warfare, which requires military actions to be appropriate and not exceed what is necessary to achieve a legitimate military objective. While the other options may also raise ethical and legal concerns, killing noncombatants is the most significant issue associated with drone strikes.

Question 18

The war on drugs to reduce abuse,protect children,make neighbourhoods safer,and the like fell disproportionately on __________,rather than treating the broader spectrum of social ills and classes for which it was intended.

Accepted Answer

The war on drugs had a disproportionate impact on African Americans. Despite similar rates of drug use between black and white individuals, black individuals were more likely to be arrested, convicted, and sentenced to longer prison terms for drug offenses. This led to significant racial disparities in the criminal justice system and perpetuated systemic racism.

Question 19

What is the deviant behaviour of those people complicit in the 2008 U.S.financial crisis?

Accepted Answer

The deviant behavior in the 2008 U.S. financial crisis involved making deceptive subprime loans to people who could not pay off their mortgages, which was a significant factor in the crisis.

Question 20

Why is white-collar crime punished disproportionally compared to blue-collar crime?

Accepted Answer

White-collar crime is often perceived as victimless because the harm it causes is usually financial or economic, whereas blue-collar crime is seen as causing physical harm or property damage. This perception can lead to lighter sentences for blue-collar crime and harsher punishments for white-collar crimes.

Quiz 16: Crime, deviance, and Social Control

Social control requires both and .