Question 1

Parts of the body which are close to the head develop before the parts closer to the feet according to the:
A) proximodistal principle
B) cephalocaudal principle
C) visual cliff
D) sensorimotor stage of development

Accepted Answer

The cephalocaudal principle states that development tends to proceed from head to foot. This means that the parts of the body that are closer to the head, such as the brain and arms, develop before the parts that are closer to the feet, such as the legs and feet. The proximodistal principle, on the other hand, states that development tends to proceed from the center of the body outward, meaning that the parts of the body closest to the center, such as the torso and hands, develop before the parts that are further away, such as the fingers and toes. The visual cliff refers to an experimental apparatus used to study depth perception in infants. The sensorimotor stage of development is a stage of cognitive development in which infants and young children learn about the world through their senses and motor actions.

Question 2

Development occurs in a sequential and orderly fashion because of a genetic plan called:
A) proximodistal
B) cephalocaudal
C) maturation
D) norms for development

Accepted Answer

Maturation refers to the biologically determined process of growth and development that unfolds according to a predetermined genetic plan. This genetic plan ensures that development generally proceeds in a sequential and orderly fashion, although there can be individual variations in the pace and timing of development. Proximodistal and cephalocaudal refer to general patterns of physical development, while norms for development refer to typical milestones and behaviors expected at certain ages.

Question 3

What are the youngest infants researchers have found who can discriminate between a citrus odor and a floral odor?
A) one-day-old
B) one-week-old
C) four-week-old
D) six-week-old

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that even one-day-old infants can discriminate between different odors, such as citrus and floral scents, indicating an early development of the sense of smell.

Question 4

Should a parent be concerned if their 10-month-old is not crawling?
A) No-development norms represent average ages and not absolute ages
B) No-development norms have been shown to be false
C) Yes-the norms represent absolute ages
D) No-maturation typically does not influence motor skills

Accepted Answer

Development norms represent average ages for achieving certain developmental milestones, but there is a wide range of what is considered normal. Not all babies will crawl at 10 months, and some may develop other motor skills instead. As long as the baby is making progress in other areas of development and there are no other concerning signs, there is likely no cause for concern.

Question 5

Tara is babysitting a six-month-old girl.Since Tara has taken a psychology course,she knows about infancy.Tara says that the baby will need another couple of months to make all the sounds that are necessary to learn English.Is Tara right?
A) No-children are born with the ability to make all the necessary sounds of their language.
B) No-by six months, infants have developed the ability to make all the necessary sounds of their language.
C) Yes-around 10 months of age, the infant will be able to make all the necessary sounds of the language.
D) It is impossible to say, since all infants are different.

Accepted Answer

By six months, infants have developed the ability to make all the necessary sounds of their language. It's important to note that each child develops at their own pace, but as a general rule, six-month-old infants are capable of producing all sounds of their native language.

Question 6

With regard to visual abilities,the child will see as well as an adult by:
A) 2-3 months
B) 6-8 months
C) 12-14 months
D) 3-44 years

Accepted Answer

The answer of With regard to visual abilities,the child will...

Question 7

Chadaron,a one-year-old boy,is having his motor development checked.The doctor says that his motor skills are normal for his age and says that motor skills development is biologically programmed.The doctor is most likely referring to:
A) proximodistal development
B) cephalocaudal development
C) temperament
D) maturation

Accepted Answer

The doctor's statement about motor skills development being biologically programmed refers to the concept of maturation, which refers to the biological unfolding of developmental processes in a pre-determined sequence. Proximodistal and cephalocaudal development refer to the direction and order of motor skill acquisition, but do not necessarily imply a biological programming. Temperament is a separate aspect of development related to a child's personality and emotional traits, and is not directly related to motor development.

Question 8

Jon and Linda,who are both psychology majors,are looking at photographs of their son Dakota.A number of pictures show Dakota's motor development.Jon comments on the orderly changes in Dakota's development.Linda points out that this orderly sequence of changes in motor development is mostly due to:
A) the cephalocaudal principle
B) the proximodistal principle
C) experience
D) maturation

Accepted Answer

Maturation refers to the biological processes that unfold according to genetic programming, leading to orderly changes in the organism's development. In the case of Dakota's motor development, the orderly sequence of changes is mostly due to his maturation, as opposed to experience, which might have more of an impact on the rate or context of his development. While the cephalocaudal (head-to-tail) and proximodistal (center-to-periphery) principles are relevant to motor development, they don't fully explain the effects of maturation.

Question 9

In the early stages of motor development,____ seems to be the major force guiding development.
A) maturation
B) learning
C) experience
D) genetics

Accepted Answer

In the early stages of motor development, maturation is the major force guiding development. Maturation refers to the natural progression of physical and neurological development that occurs as a child grows. As the child's brain and body mature, they become better able to control their movements and develop more complex motor skills. This is why we see predictable milestones in gross and fine motor development, such as rolling over, crawling, walking, and grasping objects. While learning, experience, and genetics also play a role in motor development, in the early stages, it is primarily maturation that drives progress.

Question 10

Motor development involves the acquisition of:
A) sensory abilities, including hearing and taste
B) reflexive movements and abilities
C) the muscular control necessary for coordinated movement
D) language and speech patterns necessary for communication

Accepted Answer

Motor development specifically refers to the progression of muscular control and coordination necessary for movement, rather than sensory abilities, reflexive movements, or language skills.

Question 11

The proximodistal principle states that parts of the body that are ____ develop before parts of the body that are ____.
A) close to the center of the body; farther away
B) close to the head; close to the feet
C) internal; external
D) used for processing information; used for motor skills

Accepted Answer

The proximodistal principle of development suggests that growth starts at the center of the body and moves towards the outer extremities. Thus, parts of the body closer to the center develop before those that are farther away.

Question 12

One reason offered by your textbook for the increase in the weight of a baby's brain from birth to 2 years of age is:
A) the expanding skull bones
B) new neurons forming
C) many new neural connections
D) increased production of cerebrospinal fluid

Accepted Answer

Many new neural connections are the reason for the increase in the weight of a baby's brain from birth to 2 years of age, as the brain develops rapidly and establishes connections between neurons, increasing the complexity of neural networks.

Question 13

One-month-old Bethany can tell the difference between:
A) the odors of her mother and those of a stranger
B) a short distance and long distance
C) the sounds bah and pah
D) her mother's face and a stranger's face

Accepted Answer

The answer of One-month-old Bethany can tell the difference between:
A)...

Question 14

Development norms refer to:
A) parts of the body growing at differing rates
B) the genetic plan by which individuals are created
C) development occurring in a sequential and orderly fashion
D) the average age at which individuals perform skills

Accepted Answer

Development norms refer to the average age at which individuals perform skills, providing a benchmark for assessing developmental progress.

Question 15

Newborns have a preference for ____ tasting things.
A) cool/acidic
B) sour
C) sweet/salty
D) bitter/cool

Accepted Answer

Newborns have a preference for sweet and salty tasting things, as breast milk is naturally sweet and contains sodium. This preference likely evolved to encourage newborns to consume breast milk and get the nutrients they need to grow and develop.

Question 16

As you listen to a talk show on the radio,a developmental psychologist says,"With regard to recognizing faces,the infant can distinguish his or her mother's face from that of a stranger by age ..." And then suddenly all you hear is static.Of the following,what is the most likely statement the psychologist would have said?
A) 1 to 2 days
B) 3 to 6 weeks
C) 7 to 8 months
D) 1 year

Accepted Answer

Infants can distinguish their mother's face from that of a stranger by the age of 3 to 6 weeks. This ability is part of early developmental milestones in recognizing familiar faces and is crucial for the infant's social development.

Question 17

The visual cliff allowed Gibson and Walk to study:
A) the proximodistal principle
B) preference for complex patterns
C) visual acuity
D) depth perception

Accepted Answer

The visual cliff was designed specifically to study depth perception in infants and toddlers. Therefore, the best choice is D - depth perception.

Question 18

By six months of age,the child should be able to do all of the following except:
A) see as well as an adult
B) hesitate when they reach the clear glass dropoff on the visual cliff
C) develop depth perception
D) make all the sounds necessary in their language

Accepted Answer

The child should not be able to see as well as an adult by six months of age.

Question 19

If a child stops on the shallow side of the visual cliff and refuses to cross the deep side,what is your most likely conclusion?
A) The child is fatigued because crawling uses much energy.
B) Depth perception prevents the child from crossing the cliff.
C) The child has been distracted by something else.
D) There is not enough incentive for the child to move.

Accepted Answer

The visual cliff experiment is used to test depth perception in infants. If the child stops on the shallow side and refuses to cross the deep side, it is likely because they perceive the depth and are hesitant to cross. This indicates that they have developed depth perception. The other options do not explain the child's behavior in relation to depth perception.

Question 20

At what age could an infant distinguish between the sounds bah and pah?
A) one week
B) one month
C) two months
D) six months

Accepted Answer

The answer of At what age could an infant distinguish...

Quiz 17: Infancy Childhood

Parts of the body which are close to the head develop before the parts closer to the feet according to the:

Development occurs in a sequential and orderly fashion because of a genetic plan called:

What are the youngest infants researchers have found who can discriminate between a citrus odor and a floral odor?

Should a parent be concerned if their 10-month-old is not crawling?

Tara is babysitting a six-month-old girl.Since Tara has taken a psychology course,she knows about infancy.Tara says that the baby will need another couple of months to make all the sounds that are necessary to learn English.Is Tara right?

With regard to visual abilities,the child will see as well as an adult by:

Chadaron,a one-year-old boy,is having his motor development checked.The doctor says that his motor skills are normal for his age and says that motor skills development is biologically programmed.The doctor is most likely referring to:

Jon and Linda,who are both psychology majors,are looking at photographs of their son Dakota.A number of pictures show Dakota's motor development.Jon comments on the orderly changes in Dakota's development.Linda points out that this orderly sequence of changes in motor development is mostly due to:

In the early stages of motor development,____ seems to be the major force guiding development.

Motor development involves the acquisition of:

The proximodistal principle states that parts of the body that are develop before parts of the body that are .

One reason offered by your textbook for the increase in the weight of a baby's brain from birth to 2 years of age is:

One-month-old Bethany can tell the difference between:

Development norms refer to:

Newborns have a preference for ____ tasting things.

The visual cliff allowed Gibson and Walk to study:

By six months of age,the child should be able to do all of the following except:

If a child stops on the shallow side of the visual cliff and refuses to cross the deep side,what is your most likely conclusion?

At what age could an infant distinguish between the sounds bah and pah?