Question 1

What is one limitation of the ethnographic method?

Accepted Answer

The ethnographic method may be limited by investigators' cultural values, which may lead them to misunderstand or misinterpret what they observe. As ethnographers must immerse themselves in the community they study, their own biases and assumptions may interfere with their ability to accurately represent the community's beliefs and practices.

Question 2

Self-reports __________.

Accepted Answer

Self-reports can take on a range of formats from unstructured interviews to highly structured questionnaires, making choice C the best answer. While choice A is somewhat true of some self-report techniques, it is not a defining feature. Choosing B would have been correct if the question asked for a definition of a narrative record, since this is specifically what narrative records do. Choice D is closer to the definition of a case study, which typically involves triangulating information from multiple sources, such as interviews, observations, and test scores.

Question 3

Dr.Anderson wants to conduct a study to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between domestic violence and anger in children.Dr.Anderson should use a(n)__________ design.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Anderson wants to determine a cause-and-effect relationship, which can only be accomplished through an experimental design. In an experimental design, the independent variable (domestic violence) is manipulated to observe any effect on the dependent variable (anger in children). This allows for control of extraneous variables and helps to establish causation.

Question 4

The two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

The two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are correlational and experimental. Correlational studies examine the relationship between two variables without manipulating any variables, while experimental studies manipulate one variable to see how it affects another variable. Observational studies are a type of correlational study, while variable is not a type of design but rather a term referring to the factors being studied within a design.

Question 5

A major strength of the clinical interview is that it __________.

Accepted Answer

The clinical interview can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period.

Question 6

Ethnographies reveal that immigrant parents view __________ as the surest way to improve life chances.

Accepted Answer

Ethnographies have consistently shown that immigrant parents prioritize education as the surest way to improve their children's life chances. This is often seen as a means of upward mobility and achieving the American Dream. Learning English and maintaining close ties to their ethnic community can also be important, but these are typically seen as means of navigating the challenges of settling into a new country rather than as a path to success in and of themselves. Moving into an urban area may provide more opportunities, but it is not universally viewed as the surest way to improve life chances.

Question 7

In correlational studies,a(n)__________ can range in value from +1.00 to ‒1.00.

Accepted Answer

The correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of the association between two variables in a correlational study. It can range in value from +1.00 (perfect positive correlation) to -1.00 (perfect negative correlation), with 0 indicating no correlation. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are not correct as they do not define the correlation coefficient.

Question 8

Which statement describes a limitation of the clinical method?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement describes a limitation of the...

Question 9

Ethnographic research is directed toward understanding a culture through __________ observation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ethnographic research is directed toward understanding a...

Question 10

Structured interviews __________.

Accepted Answer

Structured interviews are designed to elicit specific information in a systematic way, but they may not allow for as much open-ended exploration as a clinical interview.

Question 11

Dr.Anodyne found a correlation of +.49 between illegal drug use and levels of adolescent delinquency.This correlation is __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A correlation coefficient of +.49 falls within the range of moderate correlation and indicates a positive relationship between illegal drug use and levels of adolescent delinquency.

Question 12

Which research method is an outgrowth of psychoanalytic theory?

Accepted Answer

The clinical method, which involves in-depth analysis of an individual's behavior and experiences, is closely associated with psychoanalytic theory. This approach is often used in clinical psychology and psychotherapy to help individuals understand and work through their subconscious emotions and conflicts.

Question 13

Dr.Bigelow is interested in studying musical prodigies.Which method is best suited for this type of research?

Accepted Answer

A case study would give Dr. Bigelow the opportunity to deeply examine and understand the experiences, behaviors, and characteristics of individual musical prodigies. This method would allow for a rich and detailed analysis of each case, which would provide valuable insights into the nature of musical prodigies and their abilities. Naturalistic observation and structured interviews may also be useful in certain aspects of the research, such as observing the prodigies in their natural setting or gathering specific information about their musical practices, but they are not as well-suited to the overall goal of understanding the unique qualities of musical prodigies. A clinical interview, on the other hand, is not relevant to this type of research because musical prodigies do not have a specific clinical condition or disorder.

Question 14

Which research method was borrowed from the field of anthropology?

Accepted Answer

Ethnography is a research method that was borrowed from the field of anthropology. It involves observing and immersing oneself in a particular social or cultural group over an extended period of time to gain an in-depth understanding of their beliefs, values, and behaviors.

Question 15

Jade spent two years in a Mexican-American community studying communication between parents and children.Jade was using __________.

Accepted Answer

Ethnography involves immersing oneself in a culture or community to observe and understand the social norms, values, and behavior of its members. In this scenario, Jade spent two years in a Mexican-American community studying communication between parents and children, which aligns with the methods and goals of ethnography.

Question 16

The clinical method __________.

Accepted Answer

The clinical method yields richly detailed case narratives that offer valuable insights, providing information on how children and adults actually behave. It does not require large groups of people and does not allow investigators to see directly the everyday behaviors they hope to explain.

Question 17

The parents at Central Elementary School responded to a multiple choice questionnaire that asked them what they considered the most important activity they do with their child.This is an example of a __________.

Accepted Answer

The questionnaire involved asking parents a set of predetermined, multiple choice questions. Therefore, it is an example of a structured interview. Clinical interviews involve open-ended questions and may be conducted by a therapist or clinician to assess a child's thoughts or behaviors. Naturalistic observation involves observing behavior in a natural setting without intervention. Structured observation involves observing behavior in a controlled setting with predetermined actions or tasks to be observed.

Question 18

Dr.Dias's research shows that the death of a spouse in old age is correlated with a decline in the surviving partner's physical health.Which conclusion is supported by this study?

Accepted Answer

The study found a correlation between the death of a spouse and a decline in the surviving partner's physical health, which suggests that the two are related. However, it does not necessarily mean that the death of a spouse causes the decline in physical health. It could be that other factors are also contributing to the decline. Option C is unlikely because it suggests a causal relationship in the opposite direction, and option D introduces a third variable without any evidence to support it. Therefore, only option B is supported by the study.

Question 19

Students who are foreign-born or first-generation Americans __________ than students of native-born parents.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that foreign-born and first-generation students often achieve in school as well as or better than students of native-born parents, despite facing language and cultural barriers. The other choices are unfounded stereotypes and do not reflect the reality of these students.

Question 20

In a correlational design,researchers __________.

Accepted Answer

In a correlational design, researchers gather information on individuals without altering their experiences. They simply observe and measure variables of interest and look for relationships or correlations between them. They do not manipulate variables or assign individuals to treatment conditions.

Quiz 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies