Providing care for the neonate born to a mother who abuses substances can present a challenge for the health care team.Nursing care for this infant requires a multisystem approach.The first step in the provision of this care is:

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Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)describes the cohort of symptoms associated with drug withdrawal in the neonate.The Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System evaluates central nervous system (CNS),metabolic,vasomotor,respiratory,and gastrointestinal (GI)disturbances.This evaluation tool enables the health care team to develop an appropriate plan of care.The infant is scored throughout the length of stay and the treatment plan is adjusted accordingly.Pharmacologic treatment is based on the severity of withdrawal symptoms.Symptoms are determined by using a standard assessment tool.Medications of choice are morphine,phenobarbital,diazepam,or diluted tincture of opium.Swaddling,holding,and reducing environmental stimuli are essential in providing care to the infant who is experiencing withdrawal.These nursing interventions are appropriate for the infant who displays central nervous system disturbances.Poor feeding is one of the GI symptoms common to this client population.Fluid and electrolyte balance must be maintained and adequate nutrition provided.These infants often have a poor suck reflex and may need to be fed via gavage.

Providing Care for the Neonate Born to a Mother Who