Question 1

Which of the following factors influences the type of social support that an older individual may receive?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

Which model of support sees people as having a dynamic network of close ties with family and friends?

Accepted Answer

The convoy model sees people as having a dynamic network of close ties with family and friends, who provide different types of support depending on their relationship and the situation. This model emphasizes the importance of social support and the role it plays in maintaining positive mental and physical health outcomes. The other models listed (task specificity, hierarchical compensatory, and functional specificity) do not specifically focus on the dynamic network of close ties and their roles in providing support.

Question 3

Studies on the formal home care system show that people usually turn to which of the following only after the informal system breaks down?

Accepted Answer

Studies show that people usually turn to the formal home care system only after the informal system (such as family and friends) breaks down or becomes insufficient. Therefore, the best choice is A, the formal system. The other options, B, C, and D, may provide some support, but they are not the primary choice for people needing formal home care services.

Question 4

What is stated in the hierarchical compensatory model?

Accepted Answer

The hierarchical compensatory model suggests that individuals prefer to receive support from those closest to them, such as family members, before seeking assistance from less intimate connections or formal services. This model outlines a hierarchy in the selection of support sources, starting with the most intimate and moving outward as needed.

Question 5

According to Cranswick and Dosman (2008),who provides the majority of informal support,especially in cases of high-intensity care?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that women provide the majority of informal support, especially in cases of high-intensity care. This may be due to gendered roles and expectations around caregiving and the societal perception of women as natural caregivers. Men may also provide support, but tend to be more likely to provide instrumental support (e.g. financial assistance) rather than emotional or physical support. Nurses and doctors may provide professional support, but are not typically considered informal sources of support. Grandchildren may provide some support, but are not typically the primary source of informal support.

Question 6

Studies of older people's use of informal support,such as Penning (1990),have found which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Penning (1990) found that older people tend to use a variety of supports at the same time, and not in a specific hierarchical order. This suggests that the task specificity model, which suggests that individuals rely on specific sources of support for specific tasks, may not apply to older adults in the same way as it does to younger adults. Additionally, Penning found that older people actively manage their support networks to ensure coverage and prevent overlap, which further supports the idea that the task specificity model may not fit the experiences of older adults. However, the study did not focus specifically on the relative importance of friends, neighbours, and relatives in providing support, so options A and D are not supported by the research.

Question 7

What is the term used to describe the family and close friends who give help to an older person and who can expect help from the older person?

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the family and close friends who give help to an older person and who can expect help from the older person is a task specificity model of support. This term emphasizes the specific tasks and roles that each member of the support network plays and how they interact with each other. It recognizes that both the older person and their support network have important contributions to make and that their relationship is mutually beneficial. The other options (A, B, and C) are not relevant or accurate descriptions of this concept.

Question 8

According to Keefe (2011),how many Canadians aged 65+ use formal home care services?

Accepted Answer

According to Keefe (2011), approximately 1.2 million Canadians aged 65 and older use formal home care services.

Question 9

What is "social support?"

Accepted Answer

Social support refers to the help and assistance we give to and receive from others, such as emotional support, encouragement, advice, and practical assistance. It can come from various sources such as family, friends, colleagues, and community groups, and has been shown to have a positive impact on physical and mental health outcomes.

Question 10

What can buffer stress from life events like widowhood or illness?

Accepted Answer

Informal supports, such as friends and family, can provide emotional and practical assistance, helping individuals cope with stress from life events like widowhood or illness.

Question 11

According to Keefe (2011),what estimated percentage of support to older Canadians is actually given to them by an informal support network?

Accepted Answer

Keefe (2011) estimates that 70-80% of support to older Canadians is provided by an informal support network, highlighting the significant role that family, friends, and community play in supporting the elderly.

Question 12

According to the hierarchical compensatory model of informal support,to whom does a married older person turn to first for assistance?

Accepted Answer

According to the hierarchical compensatory model of informal support, a married older person turns to their spouse first for assistance. If the spouse is unavailable or unable to provide needed assistance, then the older person may turn to other sources such as their children, friends or a social worker.

Question 13

Which of the following statements can be made about high users of formal services?

Accepted Answer

High users of formal services still rely on their informal care network despite their use of formal services. It is important to recognize the complementary relationship between formal and informal care, as they both serve different purposes and are necessary in meeting the needs of care recipients.

Question 14

What phrase does the text use to describe the life of a spouse of an Alzheimer patient?

Accepted Answer

The text uses the phrase "living in limbo" to describe the life of a spouse of an Alzheimer patient. This suggests a state of uncertainty or feeling trapped without a clear sense of direction or control over the situation. The other options (living on a rollercoaster, living in terror, living in chaos) do not accurately reflect the tone or description presented in the text.

Question 15

The task specificity,the hierarchical compensatory models,the functional specificity,and the convoy models demonstrate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

These models (task specificity, hierarchical compensatory models, functional specificity, and convoy models) primarily describe how individuals utilize informal supports, such as family and friends, to cope with aging, illness, or disability, rather than detailing aspects of long-term care facilities, levels of functional competence, or specific rehabilitation objectives.

Question 16

Researchers have concluded that the emphasis on family and community care can place a heavy burden on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Emphasizing family and community care places a heavy burden on informal caregivers, who are typically family members or friends providing unpaid care and support to the elderly or those with disabilities. Formal caregivers, such as healthcare professionals or paid aides, may also experience challenges, but the burden of care is often greater for informal caregivers due to the personal and emotional ties involved in caring for a loved one. Elderly men and women may both experience challenges related to care, but the question specifically refers to the burden placed on caregivers rather than care recipients.

Question 17

Which of the following individuals provides a formal support in the community?

Accepted Answer

Doctors provide formal support in the community through healthcare services, which are structured and regulated.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of an informal support?

Accepted Answer

Visits from neighbors are generally considered informal support, as they are not professional services and are not arranged through a formal system or organization. Options A, C, and D involve visits to professionals or formal services, which are not considered informal support.

Question 19

Which model of support recognizes that "one tie may provide one type of support for a broad range of support dependent on how the relationship has been negotiated over the life course"?

Accepted Answer

The functional specificity of relationships model suggests that the type of support provided is dependent on the nature of the relationship and how it has been developed over time, indicating that one tie can offer various types of support.

Question 20

Formal care tends to increase with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

As individuals age, they are more likely to require formal care such as assistance with daily activities, medical care, and other support services provided by trained professionals in healthcare settings or in-home care.

Quiz 13: Social Support