Question 1

Virginia smoked heavily throughout her pregnancy. Her husband was very worried about this because of the possible effects on his unborn child. Which of the following is the most likely outcome that he should be concerned about?

Accepted Answer

Smoking during pregnancy is a known risk factor for low birth weight. It can also increase the risk of premature birth, stillbirth, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). While smoking does not directly cause missing limbs or visual impairment, it can increase the risk of certain birth defects. Smoking during pregnancy has also been linked to an increased risk of attention deficit disorders in children. However, the most likely outcome that Virginia's husband should be concerned about is low birth weight.

Question 2

When baby Hughie was put down for his afternoon nap, he seemed in good health. While sleeping, Hughie's breathing stopped and he died. What is the best explanation for Hughie's death?

Accepted Answer

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant, typically during sleep.

Question 3

The time of rapid growth of an organ system is called its _____ period.

Accepted Answer

The critical period is a specific time during development when an organ system undergoes rapid growth and is particularly sensitive to environmental influences, making it a crucial phase for proper development.

Question 4

Maria frequently used cocaine while she was pregnant. The most likely effect on her baby would be

Accepted Answer

Cocaine use during pregnancy can lead to fetal strokes due to its vasoconstrictive properties, which can reduce blood flow to the fetus.

Question 5

Which maternal behavior places an infant at risk for sudden infant death syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Smoking cigarettes during pregnancy is a known risk factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), also known as crib death or cot death. Exposure to secondhand smoke can also increase the risk of SIDS.

Question 6

On an average day, Jenna smokes about 24 cigarettes and has done so throughout her pregnancy. Consequently, she has put her baby at increased risk for all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Smoking during pregnancy has been linked to various complications such as growth retardation, central nervous system impairment, and susceptibility to respiratory infections. However, there is insufficient evidence to suggest a significant impact on hearing levels.

Question 7

While under a doctor's care prescription drugs are _____ safe.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While under a doctor's care prescription drugs...

Question 8

Which teratogen would most likely result in a baby being born with a missing limb?

Accepted Answer

Thalidomide is known to cause limb defects, especially if taken during the first trimester of pregnancy. Alcohol use during pregnancy can result in fetal alcohol syndrome, which can cause a range of developmental and physical abnormalities but missing limbs are not commonly associated. Rubella can cause a wide range of birth defects, but missing limbs are not commonly associated. Syphilis, if left untreated during pregnancy, can cause stillbirth, premature birth, and a range of birth defects, but again, missing limbs are not commonly associated.

Question 9

Myrna started taking the drug thalidomide in her sixth month of pregnancy. Chances are her baby will

Accepted Answer

Thalidomide is known to cause limb deformities when taken during the first trimester of pregnancy, not the sixth month.

Question 10

The main impact of paternal consumption of alcohol (i.e., father's drinking) on a child involves the fact that fathers who drink tend to have

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that fathers who engage in heavy alcohol use tend to have poor parenting skills, including low levels of bonding and involvement with their children, which can have negative impacts on a child's well-being and development.

Question 11

Whose behavior would have the greatest NEGATIVE impact on a baby's brain development?

Accepted Answer

Consuming five bottles of beer in one day during the seventh month of pregnancy is the most harmful as it is during a critical period for brain development. The brain is growing at a rapid pace, and exposure to such a high amount of alcohol can cause severe damage to the developing brain, leading to fetal alcohol syndrome. It is important to note that any amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy should be avoided to ensure optimal brain development for the baby.

Question 12

Rice, Thapar, and colleagues (2007, 2009) attempted to uncouple the effects of genetics and the effects of smoking while pregnant on birth weight and elevated antisocial behavior. They found that

Accepted Answer

Rice, Thapar, and colleagues found that while antisocial behavior could be linked to genetics, it was not linked to smoking during pregnancy. This suggests that the effects of smoking on antisocial behavior may be more environmentally driven than genetically driven. Additionally, birth weight was not found to be related to smoking, further supporting the notion that the effects of smoking and genetics are distinct.

Question 13

One critical factor in determining whether a mother's alcohol consumption will have a negative impact on her fetus concerns the mother's

Accepted Answer

The rate at which a mother metabolizes alcohol can greatly impact the potential negative effects on the fetus. Some women metabolize alcohol at a lower rate, leading to a higher concentration of alcohol in their bloodstream and potentially harming the fetus. This is why it is recommended that pregnant women avoid alcohol consumption altogether. The other choices (A, C, and D) are not directly relevant to the impact of alcohol consumption on the fetus.

Question 14

Although it is associated with the development of birth defects, Thalidomide is currently used to treat all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Thalidomide is not used to treat morning sickness due to its historical association with causing birth defects. It is used for leprosy, certain cancers, and sometimes in tuberculosis treatment.

Question 15

Ruth has just given birth to a baby girl. Right away, it appears that something is wrong-the child looks odd. She has a small head, widely spaced eyes, and a flattened nose. What are the doctors most likely to suspect?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ruth has just given birth to a...

Question 16

When compared to a child with fetal alcohol syndrome, a child diagnosed with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder would

Accepted Answer

A child with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) would have a broader range and more severe symptoms than one with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), who would display fewer symptoms. ARND is a milder form of FAS and is characterized by cognitive and behavioral problems that are frequently associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. The child’s physical growth is usually normal or near-normal.

Question 17

Which organism is most vulnerable to organ systems damage?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which organism is most vulnerable to organ...

Question 18

A child with fetal alcohol syndrome will most likely

Accepted Answer

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that occurs in infants of mothers who consumed alcohol during pregnancy. The characteristic features of FAS include a small head, widely spaced eyes, and a flattened nose. Blindness, deafness, missing limbs or SIDS are not typical features of FAS.

Question 19

Why would a pregnant woman be most likely to have taken thalidomide?

Accepted Answer

Thalidomide was commonly given to pregnant women in the 1950s and 1960s to alleviate morning sickness. However, it was later found to cause severe birth defects in the developing fetus.

Question 20

Mineko did not know she was pregnant until she was about three months along. During those first three months, she drank alcoholic beverages quite frequently. While prenatal alcohol consumption can influence the developing embryo and fetus in a number of ways, Mineko should be LEAST concerned about having a newborn who

Accepted Answer

While prenatal alcohol consumption can potentially cause all of these outcomes, the likelihood of a deformed heart is not as strongly linked to alcohol consumption as the other options. The most common outcome associated with prenatal alcohol exposure is intellectual disability, followed by hyperactivity and seizures.

Quiz 4: Prenatal Development and Birth