Question 1

According to Ashley's model, a month or so after retirement, most workers are in the _____ phase.

Accepted Answer

According to Ashley's model, most workers enter the "honeymoon" phase shortly after retirement, where they enjoy their newfound freedom and leisure time.

Question 2

The idea of remaining effective by developing ways to get around the need for other skills than the ones you already possess best fits with the _____ component of the selective optimization with compensation theory.

Accepted Answer

The compensation component of the selective optimization with compensation theory refers to developing ways to get around the need for other skills than the ones you already possess. This includes finding alternative strategies or tools to achieve the same goals.

Question 3

Self-esteem refers an overall evaluation of your worth.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem refers to an individual's overall evaluation of their worth, so the statement is true.

Question 4

The debate concerning successful aging in old age involves the _____ debate.

Accepted Answer

The activity-disengagement debate is concerned with whether successful aging involves maintaining involvement in activities and relationships or whether it involves withdrawing from those activities and relationships. The nature-nurture debate is concerned with the relative roles of genetics and environment in development. The continuity-discontinuity debate is concerned with whether development is gradual or abrupt. The foreclosure-diffusion debate is concerned with the extent to which individuals have committed or explored different life paths.

Question 5

For Britta, the novelty of retirement has begun to wear off and she suddenly finds herself feeling quite unhappy. This indicates that Britta has entered the _____ phase of retirement.

Accepted Answer

The fact that Britta is feeling unhappy indicates that she has moved into the disenchantment phase of retirement, which is characterized by a sense of disappointment and unease. In this phase, retirees may begin to feel like they are missing out on the benefits and pleasures of work, and may struggle to find meaning and purpose in their new lives.

Question 6

Research on women's vocation development has found that

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that giving birth or taking care of children can negatively impact a woman's earning potential. This is often referred to as the "motherhood penalty."

Question 7

Sixty-year-old Irene has been a secretary for 30 years. Despite her advancing age, her typing skills remain excellent. This is in most part due to the fact that Irene continues to practice her typing every day. The Baltes' would suggest that the process of _____ is most responsible for Irene's continued high level of performance.

Accepted Answer

Baltes' theory of selective optimization with compensation suggests that individuals can maintain high levels of performance in specific domains by focusing on what they do well (selectivity), practicing and improving those skills (optimization), and compensating for any declines in other areas (compensation). Irene's continued practice of typing aligns with the optimization component of this theory, as she is maintaining and improving her skills in that domain.

Question 8

Sal has decided that his wife and he should sit down and begin talking about how their financial status when they retire in a few years. This indicates that Sal is in the _____ phase of retirement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sal has decided that his wife and...

Question 9

When 50-year-old Mustafa says, "I need to decide which work goals are more important and then develop skills to meet these goals," he is speaking about the process of

Accepted Answer

Mustafa is talking about selecting work goals and developing skills to meet those goals, which falls under the process of selection in career development. Optimization refers to maximizing one's potential in an existing role, compensation refers to receiving rewards for performance, and generativity refers to a developmental stage in adulthood focused on leaving a positive impact on future generations.

Question 10

Which factor is associated with a NEGATIVE retirement experience?

Accepted Answer

Involuntary retirement, such as being laid off or fired, is often associated with a negative retirement experience due to the lack of control and planning that may have been necessary. Good physical health, being married, and having strong financial resources are all factors that may contribute to a positive retirement experience.

Question 11

Which event is best associated with Erikson's integrity versus despair stage of development?

Accepted Answer

Life review is the event best associated with Erikson's integrity versus despair stage of development. This stage occurs during late adulthood when individuals reflect back on their lives and evaluate their accomplishments and shortcomings. Life review is an important part of this process as it allows individuals to come to terms with their past and find meaning and purpose in their lives.

Question 12

Yumi has just entered the phase of retirement best described as "realistic and satisfying." This would indicate that she is in the _____ phase of retirement.

Accepted Answer

The reorientation phase of retirement is characterized by a realistic reassessment of goals and interests, as well as a development of a new lifestyle that is both satisfying and meaningful. This is the phase where retirees typically find new hobbies, volunteer work, or part-time jobs to fill their time and fulfill their sense of purpose. Therefore, Yumi's description aligns with the reorientation phase of retirement.

Question 13

About one year after she retired, Betty Joe suddenly became very unhappy and expressed the opinion that she now had nothing to do in her life. Atchley would argue that Betty Joe appears have entered the _____ phase of retirement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of About one year after she retired, Betty...

Question 14

Which statement concerning career issues is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false because gender-role expectations can have a significant impact on one's career, especially in traditionally male-dominated or female-dominated fields. Research has shown that gender stereotypes can affect opportunities for career advancement, job satisfaction, and overall career success.

Question 15

Research on successful aging has found

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on successful aging has found
...

Question 16

Dispositional traits are also referred to as "life stories."

Accepted Answer

Dispositional traits are enduring characteristics of individuals that influence their behavior and attitudes. They are not the same as "life stories," which refer to the unique events and experiences that shape a person's identity and perspective.

Question 17

As she nears her 100ᵗʰ birthday, Kijana, though remaining happy, has begun to become much less involved with her church and other social groups. Ruth's reaction to aging best fits with the _____ theory concerning successful aging.

Accepted Answer

The disengagement theory suggests that as people age, they gradually withdraw from social engagements and relationships, which aligns with Kijana's reduced involvement in her church and social groups.

Question 18

What is the best advice concerning successful aging?

Accepted Answer

Elderly people should be encouraged to find a good fit between their personality, preferences, and the environment in which they live.

Question 19

Mickelson is about to retire. In preparation, he has begun to take up golf as a way to fill some of the time he would normally have been at work. Mickelson's response best fits with the _____ theory concerning successful aging.

Accepted Answer

The activity theory of successful aging proposes that increased activity and engagement are key factors in successful aging. Mickelson taking up golf as a way to fill his time aligns with this theory. The other answer choices (temperament, disengagement, stagnation) do not accurately describe Mickelson's situation or response.

Question 20

Which best summarizes the research on the "midlife crisis"?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that while most middle-aged people experience some questioning of self during midlife, only a small percentage (less than 10%) experience a true midlife crisis characterized by extreme stress, dissatisfaction, and impulsivity. This phenomenon is not exclusive to a particular gender.

Quiz 11: Self and Personality