Question 1

Nonparametric statistics are known as _______.
A)non-normal statistics
B)distribution-free statistics
C)skewed-distribution statistics
D)parametric statistics

Accepted Answer

Nonparametric statistics do not rely on the assumption of a specific distribution, making them distribution-free. This distinguishes them from parametric statistics, which are based on particular distributions.

Question 2

In the result , what is 3?
A)the observed value
B)the critical value
C)the significance level
D)the degrees of freedom

Accepted Answer

The number 3 is typically associated with the degrees of freedom in statistical analysis.

Question 3

In the result , what is ?
A)the observed value
B)the critical value
C)the significance level
D)the chi-square statistic

Accepted Answer

The chi-square statistic is the value calculated from observed and expected frequencies in a chi-square test. It is used to determine if there is a significant relationship between two variables. A higher chi-square value indicates a higher degree of association between the variables. Therefore, the chi-square statistic is the result of a chi-square test. The observed value, critical value, and significance level are all part of the process of calculating the chi-square statistic.

Question 4

When conducting a chi-square test, the categories of your variable(s) must be _______.
A)mutually exclusive
B)dependent
C)less than five in total
D)more than three in total

Accepted Answer

Categories of variables used in a chi-square test must be mutually exclusive, meaning each observation can only belong to one category. This is because the test is used to determine whether there is a significant association or difference between categories, and if categories overlap, it becomes difficult to interpret the results. The other options (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not address the necessary property of mutually exclusive categories.

Question 5

The critical value must be compared against which of the following?
A)test value
B)obtained value
C)expected value
D)observed value

Accepted Answer

The answer of The critical value must be compared against...

Question 6

The P in the null hypothesis represents the _______ of occurrences in any one category.
A)multiplication
B)subtraction
C)percentage
D)addition

Accepted Answer

The P in the null hypothesis represents the percentage of occurrences in any one category. It is often used to test whether there is a significant difference between two groups or samples.

Question 7

If there is no difference between what is observed and what is expected, your chi-square value will be _______.
A)0
B)1
C)−1
D)impossible to determine

Accepted Answer

When there is no difference between what is observed and what is expected, the chi-square value will be equal to zero.

Question 8

In calculating a one-sample chi-square test, if you had 7 degrees of freedom, your variable would have _______ categories.
A)8
B)9
C)7
D)6

Accepted Answer

In a one-sample chi-square test, the degrees of freedom are calculated as the number of categories minus one. Therefore, if you have 7 degrees of freedom, you must have 8 categories.

Question 9

If there are five categories for which you are calculating a one-sample chi-square, what are the degrees of freedom?
A)2
B)5
C)4
D)1

Accepted Answer

The degrees of freedom for a one-sample chi-square test are equal to the number of categories minus 1. Therefore, if there are 5 categories, the degrees of freedom would be 5-1=4.

Question 10

In a one-sample chi-square test, if your respondents are distributed very unequally across the levels of your variable, your chi-square value will be _______.
A)high
B)low
C)0
D)1

Accepted Answer

A high chi-square value indicates a significant difference between the expected and observed frequencies, which is likely when respondents are distributed very unequally across the levels of the variable.

Question 11

Statisticians have found that it takes a sample size of about _____ to fulfill the assumption of parametric statistics that the sample is large enough to represent the population.
A)60
B)30
C)25
D)20

Accepted Answer

The generally accepted rule of thumb is that a sample size of 30 or more is considered to be sufficiently large to represent the population in parametric statistics. Therefore, choice B is the best answer.

Question 12

If there are three categories for which you are calculating a one-sample chi-square, what are the degrees of freedom?
A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3

Accepted Answer

The degrees of freedom for a one-sample chi-square test with three categories are equal to the number of categories minus one, which gives us 3-1=2. Therefore, the correct choice is C) 2.

Question 13

In the result , what is 8.4?
A)the obtained value
B)the critical value
C)the significance level
D)the degrees of freedom

Accepted Answer

In statistical analyses, the obtained value refers to the actual result or statistic that is computed based on the sample data. In this case, 8.4 is the obtained value, which means it is the numerical result of the experiment or study that was conducted. The critical value, significance level, and degrees of freedom are also important concepts in statistical analyses, but they are not represented by the value of 8.4 in this context.

Question 14

A chi-square is calculated by dividing the total number of _______ by the number of _______.
A)occurrences; observations
B)observations; occurrences
C)occurrences; categories
D)categories; occurrences

Accepted Answer

A chi-square test is used to compare observed data with expected data based on a hypothesis. The observed data is typically divided into categories, and the chi-square test calculates the difference between the observed and expected frequencies within each category. Therefore, the total number of occurrences should be divided by the number of categories.

Question 15

Dr.Moo would like to compute the exact probability of male or female students passing or failing on the comprehensive agricultural exam.What kind of test should she use?
A)Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
B)Friedman two-way ANOVA
C)Spearman correlation
D)Fisher's exact test

Accepted Answer

Fisher's exact test is used for situations where there are small sample sizes or when the sample size is not fixed. It is commonly used in contingency table analysis to calculate the probability of observing a particular distribution of counts. In this case, Dr. Moo wants to calculate the probability of passing or failing the exam based on gender, which can be represented as a 2x2 contingency table (male/female x pass/fail). Thus, Fisher's exact test is the best choice for computing the exact probability of male or female students passing or failing on the exam.

Question 16

A chi-square test involves a comparison between what is observed and what would be expected by _______.
A)observation
B)reason
C)chance
D)estimation

Accepted Answer

A chi-square test compares observed data to what would be expected based on chance, or random probability. It is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the observed and expected frequencies.

Question 17

What is the level of risk associated with rejecting a true null hypothesis called?
A)p < .05
B)p< .10
C)p< .15
D)power

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the level of risk associated...

Question 18

In calculating a one sample chi-square test, if you had 4 degrees of freedom, your variable would have _______ categories.
A)4
B)3
C)5
D)2

Accepted Answer

The number of categories in a chi-square test is equal to the degrees of freedom plus 1. Therefore, if you have 4 degrees of freedom, your variable would have 5 categories.

Question 19

Dr.Moo would like to examine the relationship between employee performance ratings between 2014 and 2015.Which of the following would be the most appropriate test statistic to use?
A)Pearson's correlation
B)Spearman correlation
C)McNemar test
D)Mann-Whitney U test

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Moo would like to examine the relationship...

Question 20

In the result , what is .05?
A)the value of the observed value
B)the value of the critical value
C)the significance level
D)the degrees of freedom

Accepted Answer

.05 represents the significance level, which is the threshold used to determine whether the test results are statistically significant or not. It is typically pre-determined before conducting the test and represents the level of risk that the researcher is willing to accept for making a Type I error (rejecting a true null hypothesis).

Quiz 17: What to Do When Youre Not Normal: CHI-Square and Some Other Nonparametric Tests

Nonparametric statistics are known as _______.

In the result , what is 3?

In the result , what is ?

When conducting a chi-square test, the categories of your variable(s) must be _______.

The critical value must be compared against which of the following?

The P in the null hypothesis represents the _______ of occurrences in any one category.

If there is no difference between what is observed and what is expected, your chi-square value will be _______.

In calculating a one-sample chi-square test, if you had 7 degrees of freedom, your variable would have _______ categories.

If there are five categories for which you are calculating a one-sample chi-square, what are the degrees of freedom?

In a one-sample chi-square test, if your respondents are distributed very unequally across the levels of your variable, your chi-square value will be _______.

Statisticians have found that it takes a sample size of about _____ to fulfill the assumption of parametric statistics that the sample is large enough to represent the population.

If there are three categories for which you are calculating a one-sample chi-square, what are the degrees of freedom?

In the result , what is 8.4?

A chi-square is calculated by dividing the total number of _ by the number of _.

Dr.Moo would like to compute the exact probability of male or female students passing or failing on the comprehensive agricultural exam.What kind of test should she use?

A chi-square test involves a comparison between what is observed and what would be expected by _______.

What is the level of risk associated with rejecting a true null hypothesis called?

In calculating a one sample chi-square test, if you had 4 degrees of freedom, your variable would have _______ categories.

Dr.Moo would like to examine the relationship between employee performance ratings between 2014 and 2015.Which of the following would be the most appropriate test statistic to use?

In the result , what is .05?