Question 1

In the result , what is 5?
A)the degrees of freedom
B)the critical value
C)the significance level
D)the observed value

Accepted Answer

The number 5 is often used to represent the degrees of freedom in statistical tests, particularly in the context of chi-square or t-tests.

Question 2

In the result , what is 9.4?
A)the observed value
B)the critical value
C)the significance level
D)the degrees of freedom

Accepted Answer

9.4 is the observed value, which is calculated from the actual data collected in the experiment or study. It is compared to the critical value to determine the level of significance and make inferences about the population parameter of interest. The degrees of freedom are also calculated from the data and used in determining the critical value, but they are not represented by 9.4 specifically. The significance level is chosen beforehand and is not directly represented by the observed value.

Question 3

The exact level of significance is .118.It means that _________.
A)The results are significant.
B)The results are not significant.
C)It can not be determined.
D)It is hard to know.

Accepted Answer

The exact level of significance is .118 which is greater than .05 (commonly used alpha level for hypothesis testing). Therefore, the results are not statistically significant.

Question 4

Nonparametric statistics incorporate fewer assumptions.

Accepted Answer

Nonparametric statistics do not assume a particular distribution or parameter values, making them more flexible and applicable to a wider range of data types and situations.

Question 5

Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to answer the following research question: "What is the exact likelihood of getting six heads on a toss of six coins?"
A)Mann-Whitney U
B)Fisher's exact
C)Kolmogorov-Smirnov
D)the median test

Accepted Answer

Fisher's exact test is often used for analyzing contingency tables with small sample sizes, including situations where there is an exact probability calculation involved, such as in the case of the exact likelihood of getting six heads on a toss of six coins. The other options (Mann-Whitney U, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, the median test) are all used for testing hypotheses about differences between two groups or distributions based on ordinal or continuous data, and would not be appropriate for this research question.

Question 6

Parametric statistics are preferred when you are analyzing categorical variables.

Accepted Answer

Parametric statistics are preferred when analyzing continuous variables, whereas non-parametric statistics are more appropriate for analyzing categorical variables.

Question 7

In calculating a one sample chi-square test, if you had 3 degrees of freedom, your variable would have _______ categories.
A)4
B)3
C)5
D)2

Accepted Answer

The number of categories is equal to the degrees of freedom plus one. Therefore, with 3 degrees of freedom, there would be 4 categories.

Question 8

Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to answer the following research question: "Is preschool twice as effective as no preschool experience for helping develop children's language skills?"
A)McNemar
B)Fisher's exact
C)Chi-square one-sample test
D)Wilcoxon rank test

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following nonparametric tests is...

Question 9

Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to examine "before and after" changes?
A)McNemar
B)Fisher's exact
C)chi-square one-sample test
D)Wilcoxon rank test

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following nonparametric tests is...

Question 10

If there are six categories for which you are calculating a one-sample chi-square, what are the degrees of freedom?
A)2
B)5
C)4
D)1

Accepted Answer

The degrees of freedom for a one-sample chi-square test are calculated as the number of categories minus one. Therefore, with six categories, the degrees of freedom would be 6 - 1 = 5.

Question 11

The one-sample chi-square is used to determine whether the distribution of a single categorical variable is significantly different from that which would be expected by chance.

Accepted Answer

The one-sample chi-square test is indeed used to determine whether the distribution of a single categorical variable is significantly different from that which would be expected by chance.

Question 12

Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to answer the following research question: "Did the transfer of learning, measured by number correct, occur faster for group A than for Group B?"
A)Mann-Whitney U
B)Fisher's exact
C)Kolmogorov-Smirnov
D)the sign test

Accepted Answer

The Mann-Whitney U test is a nonparametric test used to compare independent samples, in this case Group A and Group B, to determine if there is a significant difference between the two groups with respect to the transfer of learning. The test is appropriate when the dependent variable is ordinal or continuous, and the data do not meet the assumptions of parametric tests. Additionally, the sign test is not appropriate here, as it is used to compare two related samples (e.g., pre- and post-test scores), whereas the research question is comparing two independent groups. Fisher's exact test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test are also not appropriate as they are used for different types of research questions.

Question 13

In the result , what is .05?
A)the value of the observed value
B)the value of the critical value
C)the Type I error
D)the degrees of freedom

Accepted Answer

0.05 is the significance level or the probability of committing a Type I error in hypothesis testing. It is not the observed value, critical value, or degrees of freedom.

Question 14

In calculating a one-sample chi-square test, if you had 8 degrees of freedom, your variable would have _______ categories.
A)8
B)9
C)7
D)6

Accepted Answer

The number of categories is equal to the degrees of freedom plus one, so with 8 degrees of freedom, there would be 9 categories.

Question 15

Nonparametric statistics can be preferred when you have sample sizes that are very small (less than 30).

Accepted Answer

Nonparametric statistics do not make assumptions about the underlying distribution of the population, making them useful when sample sizes are small or when the data is not normally distributed. However, they can also be used with larger sample sizes.

Question 16

If there is almost no difference between what is observed and what is expected, your chi-square value will be _______.
A)close to 0
B)close to 1
C)close to −1
D)impossible to determine

Accepted Answer

A chi-square value close to 0 indicates that there is almost no difference between the observed and expected values, which is what is described in the question.

Question 17

In a one-sample chi-square test, if your respondents are distributed very close to each other across the levels of your variable, your chi-square value will be _______.
A)high
B)low
C)very high
D)medium

Accepted Answer

If the responses are distributed close to each other, this means that there isn't much variation between them. In a chi-square test, the expected frequencies are based on a distribution that assumes equal proportions in each category. If the observed frequencies are very similar to the expected frequencies, the chi-square test statistic will be low. Therefore, the best choice is B, low.

Question 18

In the result , what is ?
A)the chi-square statistic
B)the critical value
C)the significance level
D)the observed value

Accepted Answer

The chi-square statistic is the numerical result obtained from performing a chi-square test, which assesses whether there is a significant association between two categorical variables.

Answer: B) the critical value
 The critical value is a value in a distribution that separates the upper tail from the lower tail, and is used to determine whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in a hypothesis test.

Answer: C) the significance level
 The significance level, also known as the alpha level, is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true. It is typically set to 0.05 or 0.01, and is used as a threshold for determining statistical significance.

Answer: D) the observed value
 The observed value is the actual value obtained from a sample, experiment, or observation, as opposed to a predicted or expected value. It is compared to the expected value to determine if there is a significant difference between the two.

Question 19

The one-sample chi-square focuses on the distribution of a single variable.

Accepted Answer

The one-sample chi-square test is used to compare the distribution of a single variable to an expected distribution or hypothesized values. Therefore, it focuses on the distribution of a single variable.

Question 20

If there are four categories for which you are calculating a one-sample chi-square, what are the degrees of freedom?
A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3

Accepted Answer

The degrees of freedom for a one-sample chi-square test are calculated as the number of categories minus one. Therefore, with four categories, the degrees of freedom would be 4 - 1 = 3.

Quiz 17: What to Do When Youre Not Normal: CHI-Square and Some Other Nonparametric Tests

In the result , what is 5?

In the result , what is 9.4?

The exact level of significance is .118.It means that _________.

Nonparametric statistics incorporate fewer assumptions.

Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to answer the following research question: "What is the exact likelihood of getting six heads on a toss of six coins?"

Parametric statistics are preferred when you are analyzing categorical variables.

In calculating a one sample chi-square test, if you had 3 degrees of freedom, your variable would have _______ categories.

Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to answer the following research question: "Is preschool twice as effective as no preschool experience for helping develop children's language skills?"

Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to examine "before and after" changes?

If there are six categories for which you are calculating a one-sample chi-square, what are the degrees of freedom?

The one-sample chi-square is used to determine whether the distribution of a single categorical variable is significantly different from that which would be expected by chance.

Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to answer the following research question: "Did the transfer of learning, measured by number correct, occur faster for group A than for Group B?"

In the result , what is .05?

In calculating a one-sample chi-square test, if you had 8 degrees of freedom, your variable would have _______ categories.

Nonparametric statistics can be preferred when you have sample sizes that are very small (less than 30).

If there is almost no difference between what is observed and what is expected, your chi-square value will be _______.

In a one-sample chi-square test, if your respondents are distributed very close to each other across the levels of your variable, your chi-square value will be _______.

In the result , what is ?

The one-sample chi-square focuses on the distribution of a single variable.

If there are four categories for which you are calculating a one-sample chi-square, what are the degrees of freedom?